The muscular system

Question 1

What is origin?

Answer 1

The point where the muscle attaches to a stationary bone, which stays fixed during contraction

Question 2

What is insertion?

Answer 2

The point where the muscle attaches to a moveable bone which stays fixed during muscular contraction

Question 3

What is the agonist muscle?

Answer 3

The muscle responsible for creating a movement at the joint. (Prime mover)

Question 4

What is the antagonist muscle?

Answer 4

The antagonist muscle is the muscle that opposes the agonist. So whilst the agonist contracts the antagonist relaxes

Question 5

What is the fixator?

Answer 5

The fixator is the muscle that stabilises one part of the body whilst the other part moves.

Question 6

What is the antagonistic muscle action?

Answer 6

It’s the paired muscle action. This is when the agonist muscle shortens to create movement and the antagonist lengthens to coordinate the action

Question 7

What is isotonic contraction?

Answer 7

Isotonic contraction is when the muscle contraction lengthens during its contraction. This occurs in 2 ways eccentric and concentric

Question 8

What is eccentric contraction?

Answer 8

Lengthens under tension

Question 9

What is concentric contraction?

Answer 9

Shortens under tension

Question 10

What is isometric contraction?

Answer 10

Stays the same under tension

Question 11

What is delayed onset muscle soreness?

Answer 11

Pain and stiffness in muscle 24-72 hours after eccentric exercise

Question 12

What is movement analysis?

Answer 12

Analysis of the type and cause of bodily movement. So on a diagram of a picture, pointing out joint types, bones, movement, agonist and antagonist muscles also the contraction type.

Question 13

What is the motor neurone?

Answer 13

A nerve cell which sends an impulse to the group of muscle fibres

Question 14

What is the motor unit?

Answer 14

The motor unit is a motor neurone and the muscle fibres are stimulated by its axon

Question 15

What is action potential?

Answer 15

Positive electrical change inside the nerve and muscle cells which sends an impulse down the neurone into the muscle fibre.

Question 16

What is a neurotransmitter?

Answer 16

A chemical produced and let out by a neurone which transmits the nerve impulse across the synaptic cleft to the muscle fibre.

Question 17

What is the all or none law?

Answer 17

It’s when all the muscle fibres will be used to make a muscle contract or none will.

Question 18

What is slow oxidative muscle fibres?

Answer 18

Produces a small amount of movement over a long period of time. For example marathons. They have high myoglobin. Also have a high fatigue so it takes longer to get tired.

Question 19

What is fast oxidative glycolytic muscle fibres?

Answer 19

Produces maximal force over a short period of time. They have the capacity to resist fatigue. For example 400m

Question 20

What is fast glycolytic muscle fibres?

Answer 20

Designed to work anaerobically. Rapid energy production and large amount of force. However they fatigue quickly. For example the 100m

Question 21

What is myoglobin?

Answer 21

A protein in the muscle responsible for transporting oxygen to the mitochondria.

Question 22

What is the mitochondria?

Answer 22

Responsible for aerobic energy production

Question 23

What is aerobic work?

Answer 23

Low intensity, long duration

Question 24

What is anaerobic work?

Answer 24

High intensity, short duration

Question 25

What is work:relief ratio?

Answer 25

The volume of relief in relation to the volume of work performed