The Muscular System

Question 1

Which muscle is located across the top of the back?

Answer 1

Trapezius

Question 2

Which muscle is commonly known as the calf?

Answer 2

Gastrocnemius

Question 3

Which muscle is located across the back, at the sides of the body?

Answer 3

Latissimus dorsi

Question 4

Which three muscles contract to allow a tennis player to hit a tennis ball?

Answer 4

Trapezius, deltoids, biceps

Question 5

How many muscles are there in the body?

Answer 5

Over 600

Question 6

What are the three main types of muscles?

Answer 6

Cardiac muscle
Involuntary muscle
Voluntary muscle

Question 7

Give an example of a cardiac muscle

Answer 7

The heart

Question 8

Give an example of an involuntary muscle

Answer 8

Digestive system, circulatory system

Question 9

Give an example of a voluntary muscle

Answer 9

The skeletal muscle

Question 10

Where is the deltoid and what is it’s function?

Answer 10

In the shoulder, to lift the arm straight outwards and upwards (abduction at shoulder joint)

Question 11

Where are the pectorals and what is their function?

Answer 11

In the chest, help to adduct the arm and rotate it inwards as well as lowering the shoulder blades

Question 12

Where is the bicep and what is it’s function?

Answer 12

In the arm, to swing the upper arm forward and to turn the forearm so that the palm of the hand points upwards

Question 13

Where are the abdominals and what is their function?

Answer 13

In the stomach, these bend the body forwards at the hips causing flexion of the vertebral column and help to turn the upper body

Question 14

Where are the quadriceps and what is their function?

Answer 14

In the upper leg, provides stability to the knee joint

Question 15

Where is the trapezius and what is it’s function?

Answer 15

In the upper back, causes extension at the neck

Question 16

What are the triceps and what is their function?

Answer 16

In the arms, to straighten the elbow and to swing the arm backwards

Question 17

Where is the latissimus dorsi and what is it’s function?

Answer 17

The broad back muscle, it causes adduction at the shoulder joint. It will swing the arm backwards and rotate it inwards.

Question 18

Where are the gluteals and what is their function?

Answer 18

In the buttocks, they cause extension at the hip joint and adduct the hip, rotate the thigh outwards and help to straighten the knee

Question 19

Where are the hamstrings and what is their function?

Answer 19

In the upper leg, straighten the hip and cause flexion at the knee joint and bend the knee and rotate it outwards.

Question 20

Where is the gastrocnemius and what is it’s function?

Answer 20

In the lower leg, the calf muscle is used to bend the knee and to straighten or plantarflex the ankle

Question 21

Describe a sporting example for the deltoid

Answer 21

To make a block in volleyball with arms straight above the head

Question 22

Describe a sporting example for the pectorals

Answer 22

A ruddy player making a tackle would hold onto their opponent using the pectorals muscles

Question 23

Describe a sporting example for the biceps

Answer 23

Biceps curls in sight training

Question 24

Describe a sporting example for the abdominals

Answer 24

Performing a sit up exercise

Question 25

Describe a sporting example for the quadriceps

Answer 25

A long jumper when driving off the board will straighten the knee joint at take off using the quadriceps

Question 26

Describe a sporting example for the trapezius

Answer 26

A rugby forward in a scrum will use the trapezius to bind into the opponents

Question 27

Describe a sporting example for the triceps

Answer 27

Backhand in table tennis

Question 28

Describe a sporting example for the latissimus dorsi

Answer 28

A tennis player who swings their arm back to hit the ball when serving is using the latissimus dorsi

Question 29

Describe a sporting example for the gluteals

Answer 29

A sprinter will use the gluteals in the leg action of sprinting down the track

Question 30

Describe a sporting example for the hamstrings

Answer 30

A hockey player running across the pitch will be using her hamstrings in the running action to bend the knees

Question 31

Describe a sporting example for the gastrocnemius

Answer 31

A swimmer doing front crawl will point their toes in the leg action using the gastrocnemius

Question 32

What muscles are involved in a table tennis forehand shot?

Answer 32

Biceps, triceps, deltoids

Question 33

What muscles are involved in a rugby conversion kick?

Answer 33

Quadriceps, hamstrings, gluteals, gastrocnemius

Question 34

What muscles are involved in hurdling in athletics?

Answer 34

Quadriceps, hamstrings, gastrocnemius, gluteals, abdominals, biceps, triceps, deltoids

Question 35

What muscles are involved in a clean and jerk in weightlifting?

Answer 35

Biceps, triceps, deltoids, trapezius

Question 36

Name another sporting action and the muscles involved

Answer 36

Butterfly in swimming | deltoids, trapezius, biceps, triceps

Question 37

What is the agonist?

Answer 37

A muscle which creates movement

Question 38

What is the antagonist?

Answer 38

A muscle which co-ordinates movement

Question 39

What is the fixator?

Answer 39

A muscle which stabilises one part of the body while another one moves

Question 40

What is a lever system?

Answer 40

The coordination of bones and muscles to create movement

Question 41

What acts as the fulcrum?

Answer 41

A joint

Question 42

What acts as the lever?

Answer 42

A bone

Question 43

What acts as the effort?

Answer 43

Muscular force

Question 44

What acts as the load?

Answer 44

Weight of a body part or object

Question 45

What is the order of components for a first class lever?

Answer 45

Effort - Fulcrum - Load | It can increase both the effects of the effort and speed of the body

Question 46

Give a sporting example of a first class lever

Answer 46

Extension of the neck as a footballer prepares to head a football Extension of the elbow in an over arm throw in cricket

Question 47

How would a first class lever help sporting performance?

Answer 47

More effort means the goal keeper has less time to save the ball as effort gives the ball more power.

Question 48

What is the order of components for a second class lever?

Answer 48

Fulcrum - Load - Effort

Question 49

Give a sporting example of a second class lever

Answer 49

Plantar flexion of the ankle as a basket baller uses the ball of the foot to take off for a jump shot

Question 50

How would a second class lever help sporting performance?

Answer 50

The more power coming from your gastrocnemius means the higher you can jump meaning better performance

Question 51

What is the order of components for a third class lever?

Answer 51

Fulcrum - Effort - Load

Question 52

Give a sporting example of a third class lever

Answer 52

Flexion of the elbow during the upward phase of a biceps curl Extension of the knee as a footballer executes a pass

Question 53

How would a third class lever help sporting performance?

Answer 53

Muscles create more speed and can kick a ball harder

Question 54

What is mechanical advantage?

Answer 54

The ability of a lever system to move a large load with a small effort

Question 55

What are the three planes of movement?

Answer 55

Sagittal, frontal and transverse

Question 56

What is the sagittal plane?

Answer 56

A plane of movement which vertically splits the body into left and right parts

Question 57

What is the frontal plane?

Answer 57

A plane of movement which vertically splits the body into front and back parts

Question 58

What is the transverse plane?

Answer 58

A plane of movement which horizontally splits the body into upper and lower parts

Question 59

Which movements occur at the sagittal plane?

Answer 59

Flexion and extension

Question 60

Which movements occur at the frontal plane?

Answer 60

Abduction and adduction

Question 61

What movement occurs at the transverse plane?

Answer 61

Rotation

Question 62

Give a sporting example which occurs at the sagittal plane

Answer 62

Shoulder, hip and knee flexion during the running action

Question 63

Give a sporting example which occurs at the frontal plane

Answer 63

Shoulder and hip abduction in the outward phase of a star jump

Question 64

Give a sporting example which occurs at the transverse plane

Answer 64

Shoulder rotation as a tennis player puts spin on the ball

Question 65

What is the longitudinal axis?

Answer 65

A vertical axis which runs from the top of the bottom of the body

Question 66

Give a sporting example which occurs at the longitudinal axis

Answer 66

An ice skater performing a flat spin

Question 67

What is the frontal axis?

Answer 67

A horizontal axis running from the front to the back of the body

Question 68

Give a sporting example which occurs at the frontal axis

Answer 68

A gymnast performing a cartwheel

Question 69

What is the transverse axis?

Answer 69

A horizontal axis running from side to side

Question 70

Give a sporting example which occurs at the transverse axis

Answer 70

A high-board diver performing a somersault