The Mutated Genome

Question 1

What is DNA’s role?

Answer 1

An information storage device

Question 2

What does DNA store?

Answer 2

Information to make a human

Question 3

What are the 4 nucleotides?

Answer 3

Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, Thymine

Question 4

How many chromosomes in humans?

Answer 4

46

Question 5

What is the central dogma?

Answer 5

The flow of information from the DNA to the final protein

Question 6

What does DNA get transcribed into?

Answer 6

RNA

Question 7

What does RNA get processed into?

Answer 7

mRNA

Question 8

What does mRNA get translated into?

Answer 8

A protein

Question 9

Differences between DNA and RNA

Answer 9

DNA Double stranded, RNA single stranded
DNA has Thymine, RNA has Uracil
DNA has deoxyribose, RNA has Ribose

Question 10

How are amino acids made?

Answer 10

3 Nucleotides combined

Question 11

All proteins start with what 3 nucleotide code?

Answer 11

AUG, or Methionine

Question 12

All proteins stop with what 3 nucleotide series?

Answer 12

UAA, UAG, UGA

Question 13

How many genetic differences are there from person to person?

Answer 13

15 million

Question 14

What are single based substitutions?

Answer 14

Where one nucleotide is swapped for a different one

Question 15

What does a silent substitution do?

Answer 15

A nucleotide is changed but the amino acid doesn’t change

Question 16

What does a Missence substitution do?

Answer 16

A nucleotide is changed and the amino acid changes

Question 17

What is a nonsense substitution?

Answer 17

A nucleotide is changed and it codes for a stop codon

Question 18

What are indels?

Answer 18

Where a nucleotide is inserted or deleted from DNA, effecting the reading frame

Question 19

What is Monosomy?

Answer 19

Loss of a chromosome

Question 20

What is Trisomy?

Answer 20

An extra chromosome

Question 21

What is Tetrasomy?

Answer 21

Two extra chromosome

Question 22

What is Haploidy?

Answer 22

Losing an entire chromosome set, having 23 total

Question 23

What is Diploidy?

Answer 23

Having two sets of chromosomes, having 46 total

Question 24

What is Triploidy?

Answer 24

Having 3 sets of chromosomes, having 69 total

Question 25

Do polymorphisms cause disease?

Answer 25

No, they increase disease risk

Question 26

What gene determines eye colour?

Answer 26

EYCL3 Gene on chromosome 15

Question 27

What is Pharmacogenetics?

Answer 27

Analysing people's genotypes and phenotypes to change drugs, "Personalised medicine"

Question 28

Can mutations cause disease?

Answer 28

Yes

Question 29

Cystic fibrosis is most common in which ethnicity?

Answer 29

Caucasian

Question 30

Mutations are caused by?

Answer 30

Exposure to mutagens, a form of genotoxins, e.g. Red Meat, Burnt Toast

Question 31

What is are mutagens that affects developing foetus?

Answer 31

Teratogens, e.g. Thalidomide