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History > The Nazi Reign > Flashcards

The Nazi Reign Flashcards

1
Q

What effect did the enabling act have on the German people?

A
  1. Hitler could make laws
  2. No real reichstag
  3. Got rid of opponents
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2
Q

How important was the night of the long knives?

A
  1. Rohm was a potential enemy
  2. He wanted to replace the army
  3. SA was ill-disciplined
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3
Q

How important was the death of Hindenburg?

A

Hitler declared himself president. The army oath was sworn to hitler himself

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4
Q

How did hitler remove opposition?

A
  1. Feb 1933 emergency decree
  2. Enabling act
  3. April 33 took over local government and police
  4. May 33 banned trade unions
  5. July 33 law against formation of new parties
  6. January 34 law for the reconstruction of reichstag- state assemblies abolished
  7. June 34 night of long knives
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5
Q

How did the nazis control the public?

A
  1. The police state

2. Propaganda

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6
Q

Describe the police state

A
  1. SS
  2. Gestapo
  3. The SD
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7
Q

What was the SS?

A
  1. Hitlers bodyguard 1926
  2. Had o be aryan and fit
  3. Ran concentration camps
  4. Could capture people without trial
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8
Q

What were the first concentration camps like?

A
  1. Contained political, ideological and racial opponents
  2. SD and SS ran them but gestapo could send people there
  3. Prisoners subdivided: vagrants, gays and political enemies
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9
Q

Who were the gestapo?

A

June 1936 became secret police under Himmler

Depended on informers

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10
Q

Who were the SD?

A
  1. Set up to investigate internal affairs
  2. Intel gathering
  3. Heydrich
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11
Q

How did the nazis control culture?

A
  1. Reich music chamber controlled music
  2. 33 reich film chamber
  3. Nazis sponsored films
  4. Films not obviously political but newsreels are
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12
Q

How did the nazis manipulate education?

A
  1. National socialist teachers league
  2. Textbooks vetted
  3. Different types of school
  4. Universities changed
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13
Q

What were the types of nazi school?

A
  1. Napola-SS run military schools
  2. Hitler schools-more elite
  3. Ordensburgen-leadership schools
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14
Q

How was the uni system changed?

A
  1. Importance downgraded
  2. Restricted for women and Jews
  3. Nazi lecture League
  4. German students League
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15
Q

describe the nazi economic policy aims

A
  1. solve unemployment
  2. get out of recession
  3. autarky
  4. replace jewish businessmen with aryans
  5. focus on rearmament
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16
Q

who was the the main economic minister in Germany before 1936?

A

Hjalmar Schacht

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17
Q

describe the New plan

A
  1. controlled imports-balance imports/exports
  2. trade agreements of only raw materials
  3. lowered unemployment by building infrastructure and encouraging firms to hire
  4. pumping money into the economy
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18
Q

who was made finance minister in 1936?

A

Hermann Goring

19
Q

why did Hitler scrap the New plan?

A
  1. rearmament was too slow

2. Hitler was preparing for war

20
Q

describe the four year plan

A
  1. increasing raw material production
  2. setting production targets for companies
  3. build state-owned plants such as Goring steel
  4. reducing German dependance by finding substitutes
21
Q

was autarky achieved?

A
  1. it lowered dependance

2. germany still imported a third of raw materials by 1939

22
Q

was unemployment really reduced?

A
  1. unemployment numbers did improve
  2. the Nazis just copied previous policies
  3. women left jobs
  4. conscription introduces
  5. the RAD(national labour service)
  6. invisible unemployment of 3 mil
23
Q

what was the Hitler Youth?

A
  1. an organisation for preparing german boys for war
  2. 1936 law gave it same status as schools and catholic groups banned
  3. 1939 made compulsory
24
Q

how popular was the Hitler Youth?

A
  1. attractive early-sports, trips
  2. less attractive as it became more military
  3. in the late 30’s there was absenteeism
25
Q

what was Nazi germany like for young girls?

A
  1. league of German Maidens
  2. compulsory in 1939
  3. preparation for motherhood
26
Q

how popular was the League of German Maidens?

A
  1. attractive-fun and liberating

2. unattractive-had to do lots of labour service before paid work

27
Q

what were the nazi labour policies?

A
  1. coordination laws in 1933 banned trade unions
  2. replaced by DAF(German labour front)
  3. robert Ley led the DAF
28
Q

why were workers important?

A
  1. largest group in Germany

2. majority voted for the centrists

29
Q

what was volksgemeinschaft?

A

the attitude of breaking social barriers to show they were one in Germany

30
Q

what was “Strength through Joy”?

A

organised holidays and leisure activities such as cruises designed to promote unity. was monitored by the Gestapo and tickets were expensive

31
Q

what did the DAF do?

A
  1. set low wage levels and introduced a pay freeze

2. gave work books

32
Q

what were the religious problems in Germany?

A
  1. split between protestant and catholic

2. religious leaders had lots of loyalty

33
Q

who were the German Christians?

A
  1. the “SA of the church”

2. fused nazi and christian ideologies

34
Q

what was the Reich Church?

A
  1. started in 1933
  2. German Christians won church elections
  3. Ludwig Miller appointed Reich Bishop
  4. elected bodies abolished and pastors had to declare allegiance
35
Q

what were the roles of women in Germany?

A
  1. kinder, kuche, kirch
  2. women in civil jobs were dismissed
  3. not allowed to be judges or jury as they were “ruled by emotion”
36
Q

how did womens’ roles change in Germany?

A
  1. women had to work because of male conscription

2. between 33-39 numbers of women working increased

37
Q

what were the Nazi pro-natalism policies?

A
  1. 1933 marriage loans-decreased for every child
  2. birth control banned
  3. lebensborn-encouraging women to have SS babies
  4. taxes cut for bug families
38
Q

did the pro-natalism policy work?

A
  1. no-birth rate remained constant post 1934
  2. increase in 34 because of economic prosperity
  3. divorce increased
39
Q

what were Nazi policies towards jews?

A
  1. responsible for all of Germany’s ills
  2. called for a boycott of jewish businessmen
  3. september 1935 Nuremberg laws-no jewish relations with aryans and jews made subjects rather than citizens
  4. sept 37 Hitler makes anti-jew speech
  5. 9 november 1938 Kristallnacht
40
Q

what political resistance was there to the nazi regime?

A
  1. SPD demolished after voting against the Enabling act
  2. schumacher established small propaganda cells
  3. KPD devastated by anti-communism depression and was first party to be banned
  4. created underground but were broken up in 1935
41
Q

what worker resistance was there?

A
  1. strikes such as autobahn strike in 35
  2. absenteeism
  3. machinery destroyed
42
Q

what religious resistance was there?

A
  1. Pastors emergency league 1933

2. catholic pamphlets and speeches

43
Q

what youth opposition was there?

A
  1. disillusioned with Hitler Youth because of militarisation
  2. absenteeism
  3. not paying

History (12 decks)

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