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NCCPT 2022 > The Nervous System > Flashcards

The Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the most fundamental component of the brain and nervous system (capable of transmitting information).

A

Neurons (nerve cell)

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2
Q

What is the thin tail-like structure of a neuron that generates and conducts nerve impulses?

A

Axon.

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3
Q

What are the three main components of a neuron?

A
  1. Cell body
  2. Axon
  3. Dendrites
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4
Q

What is the core of the neuron that contains a nucleus, maintains the structure of the neuron, and provides energy to drive actions?

A

Cell body.

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5
Q

What is the “receiving” part of a neuron?

A

Dendrites

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6
Q

What are the three classifications of neurons?

A
  1. Sensory neurons
  2. Motor neurons
  3. Interneurons
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7
Q

Which nerve cells are involved in communicating tactile, auditory, or visual information?

A

Sensory Neurons

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8
Q

Which nerve cells initiate muscle contraction or activate glands?

A

Motor Neurons

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9
Q

Which nerve cells connect neurons to other neurons?

A

Interneurons

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10
Q

What are the two divisions of the nervous system?

A
  1. Central Nervous System

2. Peripheral Nervous System

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11
Q

What does the Central Nervous system consist of?

A

The brain and spinal cord.

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12
Q

What division of the Nervous System receives sensory input and functions to organize, analyze, and process information?

A

The Central Nervous System

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13
Q

What division of the Nervous System is responsible for conveying motor commands, carrying sensory information to the Central Nervous System and regulating involuntary functions?

A

The Peripheral Nervous System

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14
Q

What are the three main parts of the human brain?

A
  1. The Cerebrum
  2. The Cerebellum
  3. The Brain Stem
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15
Q

What part of the brain is generally responsible for receiving and processing sensory information and controlling the body? (Is the largest part of the brain and consists of two hemispheres)

A

The Cerebrum

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16
Q

In what part of the brain does most information processing happen?

A

The Cerebral Cortex

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17
Q

In what part of the cerebrum does most information processing happen?

A

The Cerebral Cortex

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18
Q

What part of the brain controls conscious motor coordination?

A

The Cerebellum

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19
Q

Name the three parts of the brain stem.

A
  1. Midbrain
  2. Pons
  3. Medulla Oblongata
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20
Q

What role does the midbrain play?

l

A

The midbrain plays an important role in motor movement and the processing of auditory and visual information.

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21
Q

The pons links the medulla oblongata to the… ?

A

Thalmus

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22
Q

What functions is the pons responsible for?

A

Posture, facial movement, and sleep.

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23
Q

What part of the brain plays a prominent role in involuntary functions like coughing, sneezing, and swallowing along with functions of the heard and is located at the base of the brain stem?

A

Medulla Oblongata

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24
Q

What is the point of crossover of thenervous system in vertebrates located between the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord?

A

Decussation

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25
What are the four lobes that each hemisphere of the brain are divided into?
1. Frontal 2. Parietal 3. Temporal 4. Occipital
26
What are some of the functions of the left hemisphere of the brain?
* Language * Logical processing * Science and math * Controls muscles on the right side
27
What are some of the functions of the right hemisphere of the brain?
* Spatial perception * Creativity * Intuition * Controls muscles on the left side
28
Which lobe of the brain is involved in motor control, emotion, and language?
Frontal lobe
29
What region of the frontal lobe plans and coordinates movement?
Motor cortex
30
What part of the frontal lobe is responsible for high-level thinking and language?
Prefrontal cortex
31
Which lobe of the brain is involved in processing sensory information?
Parietal lobe
32
What region of the parietal lobe is responsible for processing sensations like pain, temperature, and touch?
Somatosensory cortex
33
Name the lobes and regions of the brain.
34
Name three functions of the temporal lobe.
1. Hearing 2. Memory 3. Emotion
35
What region of the temporal lobe is responsible for hearing?
Auditory cortex
36
What is the posterior lobe of the brain responsible for vision?
Occipital lobe
37
What is the specific region of the occipital lobe responsible for sight and visual perception?
Visual cortex
38
Name the regions of the brain.
39
What is the role of the hypothalamus?
Maintaining homeostasis.
40
What is the term that referrs to the body’s automatic tendency to maintain a constant internal body environment through various processes, including pH, temperature, blood glucose levels, and blood pressure?
Homeostasis.
41
What is the common name of the neural tissue extending from the medulla oblongata to the lumbar region of the vertebral column?
Spinal cord.
42
Define cranial nerves.
The 12 sensory and motor nerves extending directly from the brain.
43
Define spinal nerves.
Bundles of nerves connected to the spinal cord carrying information toward the periphery.
44
How many spinal nerves are there?
31
45
How many spinal nerves are in the cervical spine?
8 pairs
46
How many spinal nerves are in the thoracic spine?
12 pairs
47
How many spinal nerves are in the lumbar spine?
5 pairs
48
How many spinal nerves are in the sacral spine?
5 pairs
49
How many spinal nerves are in the coccyx?
1 pair
50
What is the difference between efferent neurons and afferent neurons?
* Efferent neurons are motor neurons sending information from the CNS to the muscles to generate movement (**E** - Efferent, Exit) * Afferent neruons are sensory neurons sending information from a stimulus to the CNS (**A** - Afferent, Arrive)
51
What are the two divisions of the PNS?
1. Sensory 2. Motor
52
What are the further divisions of the motor division of the PNS?
1. Somatic nervous system 2. Autonomic nervous system
53
What are the further divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
1. Sympathetic 2. Parasympathetic
54
Label the divisions of the nervous system:
55
What is the information the body receives for processing (whether internal or external)?
Sensory Input
56
What are the two types of sensory input?
1. Internal 2. External
57
What is the perception or awareness of body movent or position in space called?
Proprioception
58
What are mechanoreceptors?
Nerous system receptors responding to mechanical stimuli such as sound or touch.
59
What are the three types of mechanoreceptors?
1. Tactile receptors - collect and communicate sensations of touch. 2. Proprioceptors - communicate the position of the body and movement 3. Baroreceptors - collect and communicate changes in blood pressure
60
What is myelin sheath?
The insullation around the axon of a neuron.
61
A single motor neuron that corresponds to a group of contractable muscle fibers is called a... ?
Motor unit.
62
A group of motor units that work together to cause muscle action is called a... ?
Motor unit pool.
63
The input collected by receptors is translated into electrical signals called... (?)
Nerve impulses
64
What is the way the brain works to affect responses to neural input? Neural input could be any information collected by the brain.
Sensory integration.
65
Define Excitation-Contraction Coupling.
The physiological process of converting a neural impulse into a mechanical response.
66
a. A nerve impulse sent to skeletal muscle fibers is called... (?) b. An explosion of electrical activity caused by a neural impulse is... (?)
Action potential.
67
What is the principle stating the strength of a neural electrical signal is independent of the magnitude of the stimulus so long as the neural threshold is achieved.
The all-or-none principle

NCCPT 2022 (11 decks)

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