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1010 | Bioscience 1 > The Nervous System > Flashcards

The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the nervous system do?

A

Controls body systems between all body components.
Transmits signals between the brain and the body.

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2
Q

What is included in the CNS?

A

Brain (protected by skull)
Spinal cord (protected by vertebra)

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3
Q

What is included in the PNS?

A

Nerves

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4
Q

What is neuron irratability?

A

The ability a neuron has to detect and react to stimuli

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5
Q

What is neuron conductivity?

A

The ability a neuron has to transmit signals

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6
Q

What do sensory nerves do?

A

Carry signals to the brain

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7
Q

What do motor neurons do?

A

Carry signals to muscles and glands

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8
Q

Olfactory nerve

Crainal nerve I

A

(Sensory nerve)
The nerves of smell

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9
Q

Optic nerve

Cranial nerve II

A

(Sensory nerve)
The nerves of sight

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10
Q

Oculomotor nerve

Cranial nerve III

A

(Motor nerve)
For movement of the eye

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11
Q

Trochlear nerve

Cranial nerve IV

A

(Motor nerve)
Movement of the eye inwards & downwards by superior oblique muscles

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12
Q

Trigeminal nerve

Crainal nerve V

A

(Sensory and motor)
Nerves for face sensations (sensory) and chewing (motor)

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13
Q

Abducens nerve

Cranial nerve VI

A

(Motor nerve)
Movement of the eye outwards

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14
Q

Facial nerves

Cranial nerve VII

A

(Sensory and motor nerve)
Taste perception (sensory) and face movement (motor)

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15
Q

Vestibulocochlear nerve

Cranial nerve VIII

A

(Sensory nerve)
Nerves for hearing and balance

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16
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Cranial nerve IX

A

(Sensory and motor nerves)
Nerves for throat sensations, taste and swallowing

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17
Q

Vagnus nerve

Cranial nerve X

A

(Sensory and motor nerve)
Nerves for movement, sensations and abdominal organs

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18
Q

Accessory nerve

Cranial nerve XI

A

(Motor nerve)
Neck movements

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19
Q

Hypoglossal nerve

Cranial nerve XII

A

(Motor nerve)
Tongue movements

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20
Q

CN I

A

Olfactory nerve

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21
Q

CN II

A

Optic nerve

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22
Q

CN III

A

Oculomotor nerve

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23
Q

CN IV

A

Trochlear nerve

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24
Q

CN V

A

Trigeminal nerve

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25
CN VI
Abducens nerve
26
CN VII
Facial nerve
27
CN VIII
Vestibulocochlear nerve
28
CN IX
Glossopharyngeal nerve
29
CN X
Vagnus nerve
30
CN XI
Accessory nerve
31
CN XII
Hypoglossal nerve
32
Functions of the NS?
Sensory input (detects surroundings) Integration (information interpretation) Motor output (facilitate a response)
33
Lobes of the brain
Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
34
What does the frontal lobe do?
Emotions, motor control and reasoning
35
What does the parietal lobe do?
Interprets touch and pain Identifies objects
36
What does the occipital lobe do?
Visual information and colour
37
What does the temporal lobe do?
Auditory and speech comprehension
38
CN I | Neurological assessment
Olfactory- smell "have you noticed any changes in smell recently, or any smells that are inappropiate such as burning"
39
CN II | Neurological assessment
Optic- visual reading at distance (both eyes completed seperately) PEARL accommodation reflex (focus on near and far) visual inattention (finger moving at peripherals)
40
CN III, IV, VI | Neurological assessment
Oculomotor (III), Trochlear (IV), Abducens (VI). cardinal field of gaze (H test)
41
CN V, VII | Neurological assessment
Trigeminal (V), Facial (VII) soft touch sensation (equal at all points on both sides) pin-prick sensation (equal at all points on both sides) facial movements and muscle bulk all against resistance (raise eyebrows, frown, clentch jaw, scruntch eyes, puff out cheeks, show teeth)
42
CN VIII | Neurological assessment
Vestibulocochlear- hearing whisper number and have it repeated (both sides) russle hands behind ears (be told which ear)
43
CN IX, X | Neurological assessment
Glossopharyngeal (IX), Vagus (X) tongue out [aghhh] (view uvula) cough swallowing (with water)
44
CN XI | Neurological assessment
Accessory shrug shoulders (against resistance) rotation of head (against resistance)
45
CN XII | Neurological assessment
Hypoglossal inspect tongue at rest inspect tongue protuded out assess tongue power, side into cheek (against resistance) tongue around teeth
46
Lower limbs | Neurological assessment
heel to toe walk walk on toes walk on heels balance with eyes shut
47
What does the nervous system consist of
CNS and PNS
48
The meninges
3 layers of tissue to protect the cerebellum Dura mater- outside layer closest to skull, allows venous blood to act as a drainage system Arachnoid mater- middle layer, passing convulsions of the brain Pia mater- contours cerebellum, acting as a support system
49
What do the ventricles of the brain secrete
Cerebral spinal fluid
50
What does CSF consist of
Water, minerals, creatine, glucose
51
What does the CSF do
Provide buoyancy
52
Where is the brain
Sits in the cranial cavity
53
What is the brain divided by
Two hemispheres connected by corpus callosum
54
What is the cerebellum
The largest part of the brain, divided into four lobes
55
What is the cerebral cortex
Composed of grey mater at the surface where nerve cells are And white mater within where the nerve fibres are
56
What are cerebral tracts
Carry sensory and motor messages Association tracts- connect hemispheres between gyri Projection tracts- connect the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord by the internal capsule Commiserate tracts- connect corresponding areas of the two hemispheres
57
What are motor tracts
Happen between the brain and spinal cord through a motor relay station, creating pathways to skeletal muscle. Upper motor neurone from motor cortex descends through the internal capsule to the medulla, crosses side to travel into spinal cord. Synapses upper MN with lower MN, allowing it to travel to a target muscle cell.
58
Due to the motor neurone crossing…
Muscle control on the right side of the body is controlled by the left hemisphere of the brain. The body is represented as upside down as upper cells control feet and legs. Different areas of the cerebrum represent different areas of the body and the size represents complexity of its function
59
What does the thalamus do
Recognise information about touch, pain and temperature
60
What does the hypothalamus do
Controls output of hormones with the pituitary gland
61
The brainstem
Where nerve fibres have a relay station between the brain and spinal cord. Consisting of the midbrain, pons, medulla
62
What does the medulla do
Regulate CVS and RESP by receiving information about blood flow, O2 and CO2
63
What is the spinal cord
The nervous tissue linking the brain to the body Impulses are transmitted by motor nerves through the spinal cord It receives sensory input to travel to the brain
64
Spinal nerves
31 pairs Spinal cord consists of white and grey mater, with motor neurones at the front and sensory neurones at the back. White mater surrounds the grey mater and contains axons for smooth communication
65
The cauda equina
At the root of the spinal cord Where nerves extend beyond here Sends and received signals between lower limbs and pelvic organs
66
The PNS
Consists of all the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord
67
PNS transmission of nerves
Efferent- transmit away from brain and spinal cord Afferent- transmit towards the brain and spinal cord
68
Somatic NS
Where voluntary and conscious control actions are made
69
Autonomic NS
Where unconscious reflexes occur. Divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic
70
Sympathetic NS
Responsible for fight or flight response Increase HR, RR Decrease digestion and urination
71
Parasympathetic NS
Responsible for resting Decrease in HR, RR Increase in digestion and urination
72
How do the spinal nerves divide
Into rami, forming large plexus of cells To prevent injury to entire spinal nerve
73
Thoracic nerves
12 pairs
74
Where do CN originate
Brainstem

1010 | Bioscience 1 (7 decks)

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