Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

pharmacology > the nervous system > Flashcards

the nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the nervous system and what are the two main parts

A

system where electrical and chemical communication occurs throughout the body

the two main parts are central and peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and central cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

afferent nerves: sensory neurons
-messages from the periphery to the spinal cord

efferent nerves: motor neurons
-messages from spinal cord to muscles/glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

function of the neurons and Schwann cells

A

*Responsible for communication (Action
potential / neurotransmission)
*Many have a lipid sheath called myelin
*Myelin sheath is the protective layer that
wraps around the axons of neurons to aid in
insulating the neurons

  • Oligodendrocytes (CNS)/Schwann cells
    (PNS)
    o Produce myelin
    o Facilitate transmission
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

astrocytes and microglia

A

.astrocytes
o Enable homeostasis
o Physical barrier/connector
o Reuptake of neurotransmitters
o Support neurons

  • Microglia
    o Immune cells of the brain
    o Phagocytose dead cells and debris
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

function of soma

A

control centre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

dendrite

A

short branched extension of a nerve cell, where impulses received from other cells at the synapsis and transmitted to the cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

axons

A

originate at axonal hillock

allows materials to be transported from cell body to axon terminal (and back)

where axon terminal meets target cell termed synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the functional types of neurons

A

peripheral nervous system
1) afferent or sensory neurons (sense)
signals from periphery to CNS

2) efferent neurons
motor neurons (respond): signals from CNS to the muscle/skin etc

central nervous system
3) interneurons (integrate) connecting brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is a nerve

A

a bundle of fibers that conduct impulses between the brain or spinal cord and another part of the body. nerves include fragments of neurons (axons) and non neuronal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

membrane potential and nerve impluses

A

difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of the neuron

nerve impulses are changes in membrane potential that travels down nerves
-cell membrane is highly impermeable to ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what direction do action potentials travel

A

from dendrites to axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

function of brainstem

A

involuntary functions, blood pressure, breathing, vomiting, sleep/arousal
midbrain
pons
medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

function of cerebellum

A

coordinates balance and movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

diencephalon

A

between brain stem and cerebrum
thalamus
hypothalamus
pineal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cerebrum: cortex

A

2 hemispheres joined by corpus callosum
* Surface folded
* Frontal: reasoning, planning, speech, movement, problem solving
* Parietal: movement/orientation recognition, sensory information (pain)
* Occipital: visual processing
* Temporal: perceptions/recognition of auditory stimuli

16
Q

what does the cerebrum: sub-cortical structures include

A

basal ganglia: motor control

limbic system: amygdala: emotion and memory
hippocampus: learning and memory (under temporal lobe)

pituitary gland: a small gland located located at the base of brain below the hypothalamus- growth hormone, TSH

17
Q

what are the 4 regions of the spinal cord

A

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral

18
Q

spinal cord function

A
  • Connects your brain to your lower back
  • Carries nerve signals from your brain to your body and vice versa
  • Spinal cord is where information comes into the CNS and directions are sent out
19
Q

how do nerves enter the spinal cord

A

sensory nerves enter via dorsal root
motor nerves leave via ventral control

20
Q

what is the spinal nerve

A

a mixed spinal nerve, which carries motor, sensory, between the spinal cord and the body

21
Q

function of visceral sensory neurons

A
  • Monitor temperature, pain, irritation, chemical changes and stretch in the visceral organs
    – Brain interprets as hunger, fullness, pain, nausea, well-being
  • Receptors widely scattered
  • Visceral sensory fibers conduct sensory impulses (usually pain or reflex sensations) from the internal organs, glands, and blood vessels to the central nervous system
22
Q

what is visceral reflex

A

the reflex arc of the autonomic nervous system which provides glandular or non-skeletal muscular response in internal organs like the heart, blood vessels, organs in the GI tract

23
Q

function of the autonomic nervous system

A

maintains internal environment
mostly involuntary
modulates endocrine function

controls visceral functions
-circulation
-digestion
-excretion

24
Q

autonomic nervous system input

A

sensory neurons from peripheral organs to centre in hypothalamus, meddula

25
Q

autonomic nervous system output

A

systematic and parasympathetic nervous neurons

26
Q

what do ANS nerves control

A

*Smooth muscle
-Bronchioles
-Iris
-Digestive system
-Bladder
-Vascular system

*Secretory glands
-Adrenal medulla
-Pancreatic islets
-Salivary glands
-Sweat

*Cardiac Muscle
-Control heart rate
-Control contractile
-force

27
Q

features of sympathetic nervous system

A

fight or flight
short term survival
generally increases energy availability/ capacity and usage

-increases heart rate
-increased lung capacity
-increased blood flow to muscles
-increased blood glucose

28
Q

features of parasympathetic nervous system

A

rest and digest
long term survival
generally reduces energy availability/capacity and usage
-decreases heart rate
-decreased lung capacity
-increased blood flow to digestive system
-increased fat/glycogen stores

29
Q

where is the adrenal gland located and what type of nervous system is it a part of

A

located on top of the kidneys
can cause body-wide release of adrenaline/ epinephrine

30
Q

what are the two Ach receptors

A

nicotine and muscarinic

31
Q

what occurs during rest and digest

A

constriction of pupils
bronchiolar constriction
increased GI mortility + secretion
inhibitory effects on heart

32
Q

what occurs during fight or flight

A
  • Pupil dilation
  • Bronchiolar dilation
  • Increased heart rate/force
  • Vasoconstriction in skin
  • Increased blood glucose
  • GI tract relaxation
  • Increase adrenaline secretion from
  • adrenal medulla
33
Q

what are androreceptors

A

g protein coupled (metabotropic)
respond to adrenaline and nor adrenaline
adrenaline: diverse actions depending on target
depending on the downstream molecules they activate

34
Q

look at slide 23 on nervous system 2

A

okay

pharmacology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions