The Nervous System Flashcards
(23 cards)
At birth
100 billion neurons
Brain is 25% of adult weight
Brain is 90% adult weight by 5
The bones of the skull
22 bones: 14 the face 8 cranium: frontal (1) sphenoid (1) ethmoid (1) parietal (2) temporal (2) occipital (1)
Vertebrate
22 of 33 vertebrate protect the spinal chord
What is the Cerebellum
Means little brain
50% of neurons of the brain
Very important for coordination
Cerebellum structure
Two hemispheres
Three lobes (anterior, posterior, flocculonodular)
Three peduncles (superior, middle, inferior)
Cerebellum functions
Cognition
Attention
Affect
Memory
Language
Peripheral nervous system
All nerves that exit the brain including cranial and spinal nerves
Consists of 2 major systems: somatic nervous system (voluntary control and sensation) automatic nervous system (involuntary control, sympathetic system, parasympathetic system)
Nervous System Cells
Neuron - specialized cells driving cognition
Glial Cells - Support Cells
Corpus callosum
Thick band of nerve fiber that connects the left and right hemisphere of the brain.
What are the two main types of fibers?
Association - connects cortical areas within same hemisphere of brain.
Commissural - connects the two hemispheres of the brain
Cytoarchitecture
Outer gray matter of the brain is the CORTEX
Six layers
Cell body
Contains cytoplasm
Dendrites
Receive neural signals
Axons
Transmit neural signal
Synapse
Contact between axon and dandrite
Glial Cell (CNS) Astrocytes
Maintain blood brain barrier
Regulate ion and provide metabolic support
Glial cells (CNS) Ependymal cells
Line spinal cord and ventricles of the brain.
Produce cerebrospinal fluid
Glial Cells (CNS) Oligodendrocytes
Provide structural framework
Glial cells (CNS) Microglia
Brains immune cells
Glial Cells (PNS) Satellite cells
Surround neuron bodies in ganglia
Glial cells (PNS) Schwann cells
Maintenance and regeneration of neurons after injury
Parasympathetic System
Responsible for relaxation
Sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight)
Fight
