The Nervous System Flashcards
(30 cards)
1
Q
The Nervous System
A
- vast, complex communication system that monitors and controls all that we do
2
Q
2 Main Parts of Nervous System
A
- Central Nervous System (CNS)
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
3
Q
Central Nervous System (CNS)
A
- consists of brain and spinal cord
4
Q
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
A
- involves all other nerves
5
Q
3 Main physical sections of brain
A
- hindbrain
- midbrain
- forebrain
6
Q
Hindbrain
A
- base of the brain at the back of the skull
- made up for brainstem and cerebellum
7
Q
Brainstem
A
- controls vital activities
eg. heart rate, breathing, sleeping and reflex actions
8
Q
Cerellum
A
- coordinated voluntary movement
- responsible for motor control and balance
- makes movements coordinated and precise
9
Q
Midbrain
A
- sits on top of the brainstem under the cerebral hemispheres
- brains sensory switchboard
- receives messages from all the senses except smell and sends them to higher brain regions that deal with hearing, seeing, tasting and touching
10
Q
Forebrain
A
- most highly developed and largest part of the brain
- major role in how we think/act/behave
- outer layer: cerebral cortex
- contains cerebrum, limbic system, thalamus, hypothalamus
11
Q
Cerebral cortex (cerebrum)
A
- outer layer of brain
- has two halves (hemispheres) that are separated by a deep grove
12
Q
Corpus Callosum
A
- deep grove that connects two hemispheres together
- helps both sides of the brain to communicate
13
Q
Lobes
A
- frontal
- temporal
- occipital
- parietal
14
Q
Frontal Lobe
A
- higher mental ability
- control of movement
- personality
- reasoning
- problem solving
DAMAGE: - person’s personality may change
- capacity for reasoning/problem solving is reduced
15
Q
Temporal Lobe
A
- speech
- hearing
DAMAGE: - affects persons language ability
16
Q
Occipital Lobe
A
- vision
DAMAGE: - affects vision
- blindness
17
Q
Parietal Lobe
A
- bodily sensations eg. temp and touch
DAMAGE: - reduction in bodily feelings
18
Q
Association cortex
A
- assists with language/mental abilities
DAMAGE: - problems with language such as odd pronunciation and slurred speech
19
Q
Parts of neuron
A
- cell body
- dendrites
- axon
- myelin sheath
20
Q
Cell body
A
- contains nucleus
- controls the maintenance and metabolic function of the cell
- energy needed for processed are provided by mitochondria in the cell body
21
Q
Dendrites
A
- receive incoming information from other neurons and transmit it to the cell body
22
Q
Axon
A
- transmit information from the cell body to other neurons
23
Q
Myelin Sheath
A
- protects the axon
- assists with speedy transmission of nerve impulses
24
Q
2 Main parts of the peripheral nervous system
A
- Somatic Nervous System
- Autonomic Nervous System
25
Somatic Nervous System (Senses)
- monitors bodily functions
- receives sensory information from organs such as skin, eyes, ears
- carries messages from CNS to muscles
- helps understand what is going on in the environment
- COMMUNICATES INFORMATION FROM THE SENSORY ORGANS AND MOTOR MESSAGED FROM CNS TO THE MUSCLE
26
Autonomic Nervous System (Automatic)
- Neurons sending messages from the brain to the smooth muscle e.g. heart, lungs, blood vessels
- regulates INVOLUNTARY functions
- NERVES CONNECTED TO THE HEART, GLANDS AND SMOOTH MUSCLE
27
2 parts of the autonomic nervous system
- Sympathetic Nervous System
| - Parasympathetic Nervous System
28
Sympathetic Nervous System
- fight or flight
- emergency/arousal
- during times of high emotion (stress/threat)
- increases activity level of some body systems
29
Adrenaline/Noradrenaline
- increase heart rate
- increase blood pressure
- increase emergency and breathing rate
30
Parasympathetic Nervous System
- rest and digest
- reverses effect of sympathetic nervous system
- functions return to normal
- keeps body in a state of homeostasis (maintaining a constant internal environment)
