The nervous system

Question 1

What is biospychology?

Answer 1

-How biology influences behaviour

Question 2

What are the two main subdivisions of the nervous system?

Answer 2

• Central nervous system (CNS)

- Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 3

What are the two subdivisions of the PNS?

Answer 3

• Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

- Somantic nervous system (SNS)

Question 4

What are the two subdivisions of the ANS?

Answer 4

• Sympathetic nervous system

- Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 5

Describe what the CNS is made up of

Answer 5

-Brain and spinal cord

Question 6

Describe what the PNS is made up of

Answer 6

-The neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body

Question 7

Describe the role of the Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 7

-Controls unconsious activities e.g. digestion

Question 8

Describe the role of the Somantic Nervous System

Answer 8

-Controls concious activities e.g. running, playing video games

Question 9

Describe the role of the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 9

• To get the body ready for action. It’s the fight or flight system.

Question 10

Describe the role of the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 10

-Calms down the body. The rest and digest system.

Question 11

What are the cells of the nervous system called?

Answer 11

-Neurons

Question 12

What do neurons do?

Answer 12

_Transmitt electrical impulses around the body (nerve impulses)

Question 13

What does the cell body of a neuron have to help it?

Answer 13

-Dendrites to receive infomation from other neurons

Question 14

Describe how the impulse passes along the neuron

Answer 14

• Dendrites receive the infomation
• The info passes along the axon in the form of an electrical impulse that ends at the synaptic knob
• Neurotransmitter chemicals are released from the synaptic knob
• They pass across the synapse to pass the signal to the dendrites of the next neuron

Question 15

What is the function of the myelin sheath?-

Answer 15

-To insulate the axon to speed up nervous transmission

Question 16

What are the three types of neurons?

Answer 16

• Sensory neurons
• Motor neurons
• Relay neurons

Question 17

Function of sensory neurons?

Answer 17

-The nerve cell that transmits electrical impulses from receptors to CNS

Question 18

Function of Relay neurons?

Answer 18

-The nerve cells that transmit electrical impulses between sensory neurons and motor neurons

Question 19

Function of Motor neurons?

Answer 19

-The nerve cells that transmit electrical impulses from CNS to effectors

Question 20

What are reflexes?

Answer 20

-Fast, automatic responses to certain stimuli. They bypass the concious brain completely; instead they go through the spinal cord or the unconcious part of the brain.

Question 21

Define a synapse

Answer 21

-A junction between a neuron and the next cell, or between a neuron and an effector cell

Question 22

Give an examples of an effector cell?

Answer 22

-Muscel or gland cell

Question 23

What is the gap between the cells at the synapse called?

Answer 23

-Synaptic cleft

Question 24

What does the synaptic knob contain?

Answer 24

-Synaptic vesicles filled with neurotransmitters

Question 25

What happens when the impulse reaches the end of the neuron?

Answer 25

-It causes neurotransmitters to be released into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the postsynaptic membrane and bind to the specific receptors.

Question 26

Define postsynaptic membrane?

Answer 26

-The membrane after the synapse

Question 27

What happens when neurotransmitters when they bind to a receptor?

Answer 27

-May trigger an electrical impulse in the neuron causing the muscel contraction (in muscel cell) or cause a hormone to be secreated (from gland cell)

Question 28

What does the neuroreceptors only being on the postsynaptic neuron mean?

Answer 28

-That the impulses are unidirectional, only travel one way

Question 29

How is the repsonse stopped after the first intended response?

Answer 29

-Neurotransmitters are removed from the cleft so the response doesn't keep happening. e.g. they're taken back into the presynaptic neuron or they're broken down by enzymes.

Question 30

What are the two types of neurotransmitters?

Answer 30

-Excitatory and inhibitory

Question 31

Describe excititory neurotransmitters?

Answer 31

-Increase the liklihood that an electrical impulse will be triggerd in the postsynaptic neuron

Question 32

Describe inhibatory neurotransmitters?

Answer 32

-Decrease the liklihood that an electrical impulse will trigger the postsynaptic neuron

Question 33

Name some neurotransmitters

Answer 33

- Acetylcholine - Dopamine - Noradrenaline - Seotonin - GABA

Question 34

Describe acetylcholine

Answer 34

- An excititory neurotransmitter involved with movement, memory, learning and sleep. - Too much is linked to depression and too little may result in dementia.

Question 35

Describe noradrenaline

Answer 35

- Closely linked to adrenaline - Often associated with the flight or fight response. - Too much is linked to schizophrenia and too little may result in depression

Question 36

Describe dopamine

Answer 36

- Helps with movement, attention, learning. | - Too much is linked to schizophrenia and too little could result in depression and Parkinson's disease.

Question 37

Describe serotonin

Answer 37

- Involved in emotion, mood, sleeping, eating | - Too little is linked to depression

Question 38

GABA

Answer 38

- An inhibitor | - Too little is linked to anixety disorders