The Nervous System

Question 1

Neuron is made up of what four things?

Answer 1

Soma, Dendrites, Axon, and Axon terminal

Question 2

Soma

Answer 2

The body of the neuron. Integration, supports neurons basic physiological processes.

Question 3

Dendrites

Answer 3

Input, receives information from other neurons & brings info from the world around us.

Question 4

Axon

Answer 4

Send neurotransmitters to other neurons. Conduction zone, Passes ions back & forth conducting electricity. Coated in Myelin.

Question 5

Axon terminal

Answer 5

contains and releases neurotransmitters near postsynaptic terminal. Output, sends out info from axons.

Question 6

Sensory neuron

Answer 6

convey sensory info via axon found within the same structure. (in)

Question 7

Motor neurons

Answer 7

convey motor info via axons from the central nervous system. (out)

Question 8

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 8

Controls involuntary movement for functions. Ex: Heartbeat, breathing, swallowing, and sweating by controlling heart muscle, smooth muscle, and exocrine glands

Question 9

Autonomic Nervous System is made up of two parts. What are they and what do they do?

Answer 9

The sympathetic Nervous system - Prepares the body for rigorous activity by increasing heartbeat, inhibiting digestion, and opening airways.

The parasympathetic nervous system - Dominant during relaxed states and decreases heartbeat, stimulates digestion , and closes airways.

Question 10

Basal Ganglia

Answer 10

Movement. - Caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus

Question 11

Limbic System

Answer 11

Emotion and learning. - Amygdala, hippocampus, fornix, cingulate, gyrus, olfactory bulb, hypothalmus

Question 12

Thalamus

Answer 12

Relay station

Question 13

Hypothalamus

Answer 13

vital functions: hunger, thirst, temp regulation, sex; interface with hormonal system (pitutary)

Question 14

Superior colliculi

Answer 14

vison. Part of tectum

Question 15

Inferior colliculi

Answer 15

hearing. Part of tectum

Question 16

Substantia nigra

Answer 16

movement

Question 17

Reticular formation

Answer 17

Sleep/wake & concsciousness

Question 18

Cerebellum

Answer 18

Balance & cognintion

Question 19

Pons

Answer 19

source of many cranial nerves

Question 20

Medulla

Answer 20

Transition from brain to spinal cord. Regulates heart rate and cranial nerves.

Question 21

Cerebral Spinal Fluid

Answer 21

• Ventricular System
• Shock absorber
• Nutrients and signaling chemicals

Question 22

Choroid Phexus

Answer 22

• Produces CSF

- Lines the lateral ventricles

Question 23

How many glial cells will you find in the CNS?

Answer 23

Three: Oligodendrocytes, Astrocytes, and Microglial cells

Question 24

What is an Oligodendrocyte?

Answer 24

A type of glial cell that makes myelin.

Question 25

What is an astrocyte?

Answer 25

A type of glial cell that helps form the blood-brain barrier, break down certain neurotransmitters, and responds to injury.

Question 26

What is a Microglial cell?

Answer 26

A type of glial cell that removes cellular waste and can release chemicals that either promote or reduce inflammation.

Question 27

What is the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 27

It controls involuntary movements. Ex: heartbeat

Question 28

What are the cerebral hemispheres and what do they do?

Answer 28

Frontal - (Front of the brain) cognitive functioning and movement. Parietal - (middle top of the brain) touch, sensation, orientation. Occipital - (back of the brain) controls vision Temporal - (bottom front of the brain) language and audition, speech

Question 29

What is the Cerebral cortex?

Answer 29

The surface of the brain

Question 30

What is Gyri?

Answer 30

The Ridges of the brain

Question 31

What is Sulci?

Answer 31

The crevices of the brain.

Question 32

What does the Cerebellum do?

Answer 32

Facilitates balance and timing of movement. balance and cognition.

Question 33

What is the Boca's area?

Answer 33

It helps us to form our words

Question 34

What is Wrenicke's area?

Answer 34

In temporal lobe and processes understanding of language.

Question 35

What is the Corpus Callosum?

Answer 35

It helps to connect the two hemispheres and helps them to understand each other

Question 36

Gray matter vs. White matter?

Answer 36

Gray matter = Where cell bodies lie | White matter = Pathways in the brain

Question 37

What is the Basal Ganglia?

Answer 37

Helps with movement. Is made of three parts: caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus

Question 38

What is the Limbic System?

Answer 38

Helps with emotion and learning. Made up of: Amygdala, hippocampus, fornix, cingulate gyrus, olfactory bulb, hypothalamus

Question 39

The hippocampus is used for...

Answer 39

Long term memory

Question 40

What is the Thalmus?

Answer 40

Relay station - Routes info from the body to appropriate lobes. The info has to come here first.

Question 41

Hypothalamus

Answer 41

In control of vital functions such as: hunger, thrist, temp regulation, & sex

Question 42

Mid brain structures:

Answer 42

- Superior colliculi = vision - Inferior colliculi = hearing - Substantia nigra = movement - Reticular formation = sleep/wave & consciousness

Question 43

Parts near the brain stem:

Answer 43

- Cerebellum = balance & cognition - Pons = source of many crainal nerves - Medulla = Transition from brain to spinal cord, heart rate, & cranial nerves