the nervous system and the brain Flashcards
what are the first 2 subdivisions of the nervous sysytem
- central nervous system (CNS)
2.Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
what are the main roles of the nervous system
- detection of changes in the internal and external environment (sensory input)
- cell signalling between all parts of the body (hormonal and nervous communication)
- coordination of effectors to produce responses (motor output)
what is the CNS subdivided into
brain and spinal chord
what is the peripheral nervous system subdivided into
- sensory system
- motor system
what is the motor system subdivied into
- somatic nervous system (voluntary)
- autonomic nervous system (involuntary)
what is the autonomic system subdivided into
- sympathetic (speeds up)
- parasympathetic (slows down, rest and digestion)
what are the definitions of
-autonomic nervous system
-somatic nervous system
-parasympathetic nervous system
-sympathetic nervous system
-Division of the nervous system that coordinates internal organs, smooth muscle and glands – involuntary body functions
-Part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), coordinates voluntary control of skeletal muscles
-Branch of the autonomic nervous system that relaxes your body
-Branch of the autonomic nervous system that stimulates the body e.g. fight or flight response
what is the dorsal root gaglion
where cell bodies of sensory neurones are located
compare the physical arrangement between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
sympathetic:
-many nerves leading out of CNS each to seperate effector
-ganglia located just outside CNS
-short length of pre-ganglionic neurones
parasympathetic:
-few nerved leading out of CNS divided up and leading to different effectors
-location of ganglia in effecotrs
-long length of pre-ganglionic neurone
which neurotransmitters are used for sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
sympathetic= noradrenaline
parasympathetic= acetyl choline
compare the functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
sympathetic;
-noradrenaline as neurotransmitter
-increases activity of body
-most active during times of stress
-increases heart rate
-dilates pupils
-increases ventilation rate
-decreases digestive activity
parasympathetic:
-acetyl choline as neurotransmitter
-decreases activity of body
-most active during sleep or relaxation
-decreases heart rate
-constricts pupils
-decreases ventilation rate
-increases digestive activity
label the five main parts of the brain:
-cerebrum/ cerebral cortex
-cerebellum
-medulla oblongata
-hypothalamus
-pituitary gland
what is the function of the cerebral cortex/ cerebrum
receives sensory info such as vision, smell. hearing and for higher cognitive function, emotional responses, intelligence, reasoning, decision making and factual memory
(deliberate movements, decisions)
what is the function of the hypothalamus
detects changes in core body temp and receives info from many sensory receptors
-homeostasis, contains osmoreceptor cells that monitor water potential or blood, control body temp
what is the function of the cerebellum
-coordinated movement and balance, fine motor control
-helps maintain body posture and balance and judging the position of objects and limbs when moving
what is the function of the medulla oblongata
-respiratory centre that controls rate and depth of breathing
-control of non-skeletal muscle
-cardiac centre found here
-vasomotor centre regulates circulation and blood pressure
-reflex action e.g vomiting and sneezing
what is the function of the pituitary gland
-linked to hypothalamus and releases ADH into blood stream
-produces hormones which control physiological processes like stress, growth , reproduction, and lactation
-hormones released due to releasing factors produced by hypothalamus act on anterior lobe
