The Nervous System and the menstrual cycle Flashcards
(21 cards)
Describe the stages of the reflex arc?
A stimulus is a change in your environment
Receptors are a group of cells which are sensitive to a stimulus.
A sensory neurone are the nerve cells that carry signals as electrical impulses from the receptors in the sense organs to the central nervous system.
A relay neurone are the nerve cells that carry signals from the sensory neurones to the relay neurones
A motor neurone are the nerve cells that carry signals from the central nervous system to the effector muscles or glands.
The effectors are the muscles and glands known as effectors, they respond in different ways. Muscles contract in response to a nervous impulse, whereas glands secrete hormones
The response is what happens as a result of these things.
Name the sense organs.
Eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin.
What is the central nervous system?
The brain and spinal chord
What to reflexes do?
Help prevent injury.
What are hormones?
Chemicals released in the blood directly.
What do hormones control?
Things I. Organs and cells that need constant adjustment.
Where are hormones produced?
Various glands.
Where is the pituitary gland located?
The brain.
What is the function of the pituitary gland?
It produces many vital hormones such as FSH and LH. These are both involved in the menstrual cycle.
Hormones…
…. Are chemical messengers which travel in the blood to activate target cells.
Name the four stages of the menstrual cycle.
Stage 1:when the bleeding starts
The uterus lining breaks down for around 4 days
Stage 2:the lining of the uterus builds up again
From day 4-14 into a thick spongy layer full of blood vessels ready to receive a fertilised egg.
Stage 3:an egg is released
From the ovary at day 14
Stage 4:the wall is then maintained
For about 14 days until day 28. If no fertilised egg has la dead on the uterus wall by day 28 the spongy lining starts to break down again and the whole cycle starts again.
What is FSH?
Follicle-stimulating hormone
How is FSH produced?
By the pituitary gland.
What does FSH cause?
An egg to mature in one of the ovaries.
What does it stimulate?
The ovaries to produce oestrogen.
Where is oestrogen produced?
The ovaries.
What does oestrogen cause?
The pituitary gland to produce LH
What does it inhabit?
The further release of FSH
What produces LH (luteinising hormone)?
The pituitary gland
What does LH stimulate?
The release of an egg around the middle of the menstrual cycle
What is the order of the reflex arc?
Answer: stimulus, receptor, sensory neurone, relay neurone, motor neurone, effector and response.
