The Nervous System by Howie Baum

Question 1

is the most complex body system

Answer 1

Nervous System

Question 2

is the body’s prime communication and coordination network

Answer 2

Nervous System

Question 3

are the Central Nervous System

Answer 3

The Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 4

make up the Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 4

Nerves and Sensory Organs

Question 5

transmit and process sensory information and coordinate bodily functions

Answer 5

Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System

Question 6

function as the control center

Answer 6

The brain and spinal cord (the CNS)

Question 7

They receive data and feedback from the sensory organs and from the nerves throughout the body, process the information, and send commands back out

Answer 7

The brain and spinal cord (the CNS)

Question 8

carry the incoming and outgoing signals

Answer 8

Nerve pathways of the PNS

Question 9

transmits signals to and from the brain and commands reflexes

Answer 9

The Spinal Cord

Question 10

is an elongated cylinder of neuron cell bodies, bundles of axons and other cells, protected by connective tissue and bone

Answer 10

The Spinal Cord

Question 11

It connects to the brain at the medulla oblongata and runs down the vertebral column, the hollow tunnel enclosed within the vertebrae of the spine

Answer 11

The Spinal Cord

Question 12

is part of the central nervous system and serves as a kind of superhighway

Answer 12

The Spinal Cord

Question 13

travel up and down, heading to and from the brain

Answer 13

Sensory information and motor commands

Question 14

The spinal cord can shoot out a reflex command without bothering the brain, called a

Answer 14

Reflex Arc

Question 15

emerge from the spinal cord through spaces between the vertebrae

Answer 15

31 pairs of peripheral spinal nerves

Question 16

serve the rear portion of the body

Answer 16

dorsal branches

Question 17

serve the front and sides

Answer 17

ventral branches

Question 18

The branches of one spinal nerve may join with other nerves to form meshes called

Answer 18

plexuses

Question 19

send signals along secondary nerve branches to areas of complex function or movement

Answer 19

plexuses

Question 20

axon pathways appear as

Answer 20

white matter (myelin sheaths make the axosn white

Question 21

carry sensory input up to the brain

Answer 21

Ascending tracts

Question 22

send motor commands downward to the body

Answer 22

Descending tracts

Question 23

is a rapid, involuntary, predictable response to a stimulus

Answer 23

reflex

Question 24

Spinal reflexes involve circuits of sensory nerve fibers that feed information to the spinal cord and then connect directly, or via an intermediate neuron, to motor nerve fibers, so that the resulting instructions for movement go directly out from the cord to the relevant muscles and not to the brain, to be activated

Answer 24

Reflex Arc

Question 25

is the area of the skin of the human anatomy that is mainly supplied by branches of a single spinal sensory nerve root

Answer 25

Dermatome

Question 26

all nervous tissue, from the brain to the spinal cord to the furthest nerve branch, includes cells

Answer 26

neurons

Question 27

are charged cells

Answer 27

neurons

Question 28

conduct electrical signals to pass information through the body

Answer 28

neurons

Question 29

consists of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon with an axon terminal

Answer 29

neuron

Question 30

conduct impulses toward the cell body

Answer 30

Dendrites

Question 31

conduct impulses away from the cell body

Answer 31

Axons

Question 32

produce a fatty material called Myelin

Answer 32

Schwann cells

Question 33

is a good insulator along the Axon of the Neuron cell

Answer 33

Myelin

Question 34

is a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system)

Answer 34

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

Question 35

the immune system attacks the protective sheath (myelin) that covers nerve fibers and causes communication problems between your brain and the rest of your body

Answer 35

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

Question 36

when an electrical signal reaches the axon terminal of a neuron, it stimulates the release of special chemicals

Answer 36

neurotransmitters

Question 37

travel across synapses to the other neurons or to target cells, stimulating or inhibiting signals and responses

Answer 37

Neurotransmitters

Question 38

are among the most common neurotransmitters

Answer 38

Acetylcholine, epinephrine, and nor-epinephrine

Question 39

travel through neurons as electricals signals

Answer 39

Nervous system messages

Question 40

stimulate electrical signals in other neurons and encourage responses from body cells

Answer 40

Excitatory neurotransmitters

Question 41

discourage signals and cellular responses

Answer 41

Inhibitory transmitters

Question 42

regulates both nonconscious processes and coordinates most voluntary movement

Answer 42

the brain

Question 43

It is the site of consciousness, allowing humans to think and learn

Answer 43

The brain

Question 44

The brain is shielded by the three protective membranes

Answer 44

meninges, ventricles (membranes), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)