The Neurocognitive Disorders

Question 1

Characterized as a temporary condition that often follows a short and fluctuating course. People affected with ____ cannot think or reason clearly and consequently lose contact with the world around them

Answer 1

Delirium

Question 2

Represent a deficit in the person’s cognitive functioning and they, too, are acquired rather than developmental

Answer 2

Neurocognitive disorders (NCDs)

Question 2

When symptoms tend to worsen during early evening hours or at night

Answer 2

Sundowning

Question 3

The inability to focus, sustain, or shift attention

Answer 3

Clouding of consciousness

Question 4

Often causes degeneration across many areas of the brain, producing a mosaic of cognitive problems

Answer 4

Alzheimer’s disease

Question 5

The reduction or impairment of intellect, emotion, and behavioral functioning severe enough to be detrimental in social, occupational, and other important areas in life

Answer 5

NCD due to Alzheimer’s disease

Question 5

Sometimes referred to as multi-infarct dementia, vascular disease defines a decline in thinking skills caused by conditions that block or reduce blood flow to the brain depriving brain cells of vital oxygen and nutrients

Answer 5

Vascular neurocognitive disorder

Question 6

When blood flow to part of the brain is blocked or reduced, frequently referred to as a mini-stroke

Answer 6

Transient ischemic episodes

Question 7

A type of stroke resulting from blockage in the blood vessels supplying blood to the brain

Answer 7

Cerebral infarct

Question 8

Commonly diagnosed in adults under the age of 65 and is the fourth most common neurocognitive disorder in industrialized nations. Symptoms typically appear about a decade earlier than Alzheimer’s disease, making age of onset a diagnostic feature

Answer 8

Frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder (FTD)

Question 9

The individual with ____ experiences an insidious onset and gradual progression resulting in unrelenting dementia until death. Lewy bodies is considered when the person meets criteria for a NCD as well as a combination of core diagnostic features and suggestive features.

Answer 9

Neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies

Question 10

Tranquilizers used to treat psychotic conditions

Answer 10

Neuroleptics

Question 11

Also known as fainting

Answer 11

Syncope

Question 12

Characterized by impact to the head (or other means of rapid movement) or displacement of the brain within the skull. It is among the earliest illnesses in human history and is currently a major source of morbidity and mortality

Answer 12

Neurocognitive disorder due to traumatic brain injury

Question 13

Previously substance-induced persisting dementia, is characterized by neurocognitive impairments that persist beyond the usual duration of intoxication and acute withdrawal

Answer 13

Substance/medication-induced neurocognitive disorder

Question 14

A chronic memory disorder caused by severe deficiency of thiamine or vitamin B1

Answer 14

Korsakoff syndrome

Question 15

An acute brain reaction to severe lack of thiamine

Answer 15

Wernicke encephalopathy

Question 16

To make up information you cannot remember

Answer 16

Confabulate

Question 17

Shows a more marked acquired impairment in cognitive functioning in people with HIV/AIDS (or acquired immune deficiency, the advanced for of HIV infection)

Answer 17

Neurocognitive disorder due to HIV infection

Question 18

Also called transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) and is essentially a family of rare progressive neurodegenerative disorders that can affect both humans and animals

Answer 18

Prion disease

Question 19

Refer to abnormal, pathogenic agents that are transmissible and are able to induce abnormal folding of specific normal cellular proteins called ___ proteins that are found most abundantly in the brain

Answer 19

Prions

Question 20

A rare illness marked by rapid mental deterioration, usually within a few months, and is always fatal leading to death usually within 1 year of onset. Initial signs and symptoms typically include: personality changes, anxiety, depression, memory loss, impaired thinking, blurred vision, insomnia, difficulty speaking, difficulty swallowing, and sudden jerky movements

Answer 20

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)

Question 21

A neurological condition characterized by a distortion of the sense of touch, which causes all touch to feel unpleasant

Answer 21

Dyesthesiasis

Question 22

A slow and progressive neurological condition characterized by tremors, rigidity, involuntary and rhythmic movements of extremities, motor restlessness, and posturing instability. Symptoms typically begin to appear between 50 and 60 years of age with the mean onset of 60 years

Answer 22

Neurocognitive disorder due to Parkinson’s disease (PD)

Question 23

Inherited through a single dominant gene. It is a progressive and degenerative disease that includes difficulties in cognition, emotion, and movement. Symptoms generally begin between 30 and50 years of age, and death usually occurs within 10 to 20 years of its onset

Answer 23

Neurocognitive disorder due to Huntington’s disease