The Neuromuscular System Flashcards
(26 cards)
Type 1
Slow oxidative Red Low intensity - long distance running Don’t fatigue as fast Aerobic More capillaries More mitochondria Mo farah
High no. Of mitochondria
High level of myoglobin
High capillary density
High levels of oxidative enzymes
Type IIa
Fast oxidative Moderate intensity- middle distance e.g. 800-1500m Pink Anaerobically Usain bolt
High pc stores
High glycogen stores
High myosin ATPase activity
High glycolytic enzyme activity
Type IIx
Fast glycolytic Fatigue very easily - sprinting Anaerobically Only able to use for seconds Bigger Usain bolt
High PC stores
High glycogen stores
High myosin ATPase activity
High glycotic enzyme activity
what does a high pc store mean (fast twitch)
Increased energy source for ATP production via the ATP-PC system
High glycogen stores mean
Increased energy source for ATP production via the lactate anaerobic system
High myosin ATPase activity
Increased enzyme activity for ATP production within the ATP-PC system
High glycolytic enzyme activity
Increased enzyme activity or ATP production within the lactate anaerobic system
High number of mitochondria
Increased the ability to produce large amount of ATP as mitochondria are the site of the Krebs cycle
High level of myoglobin
Myoglobin stores oxygen on the cell, therefore cells have a high 02 storage capacity
High capillary density
Provides a large and continuous supply of 02 and glucose
High levels of oxidative enzymes
Allowing O2 to be used efficiently to produce energy aerobically
What is a motor unit
A motor neurone + muscle fibre
What is an action potential
An impulse big enough for a muscle to react and contract
What are motor units
How a muscle contraction is produced
What is synaptic cleft
The space between the neurone and receptors on muscle fibers
What two things must happen for a contraction to occur
Action potential
Acetylcholine to be released and able to travel across the synaptic cleft
What is the all or none law
The law is that either all muscle fibers in one motor neurone contract, or no muscle fibers in the motor neurone contract
Wave summation
A way of increasing the strength of a muscle contraction
Decreasing the time between the impulses sent so that the muscles fibers do not have time to relax
Resulting in a continuous wave of contractions = wave summation
Smooth sustained contraction (tetanic contraction)
Spatial summation
This is when the strength of a contraction changes by altering the number and size of the muscles motor units recruited
Occurs by the motor neurone receiving impulses as the same time but in different locations on the nerve
Add up to cause large impulse allowing the bigger motor units to be recruited
What happens when an inhibitory response is sent
The muscles relax
What are golgi tendons and where are they found
They’re a type of proprioceptor found between the muscle and the tendon
How do golgi tendons work
They sense an increase in tension and will then send on inhibitory signal to brain and that causes muscle to relax
What is an autogenic inhibition
Where there is a sudden relaxation of the muscle in response to high tension. Caused by the golgi tendon organs
What happens when an exciting response is sent
The muscles contract
This causes something to start doing something
