The neuropsychology of memory

Question 1

Name the 3 stages of learning and memory, according to the lecture slides:

Answer 1

Encoding, storage, and retrieval

Question 2

Acquisition and consolidation are sub-stages of which stage of learning and memory?

Answer 2

Encoding

Question 3

Memory is:
a) a change in the post-synaptic neuron, localised to the hippocampus
b) represented by a change in the pre-synaptic spine
c) caused by pre and post-synaptic changes based on selective experiences

Answer 3

C) caused by pre and post-synaptic changes based on selective experiences

Question 4

Difficulty naming objects based on visual input alone is called:

Answer 4

Visual agnosia

Question 5

True or false: there are many types of visual agnosia.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

In which stage of memory does visual agnosia cause deficits?

Answer 6

Retrieval

Question 7

____ amnesia refers to a loss of old memories:

Answer 7

Retrograde
(Think of retro = before)

Question 8

____ amnesia refers to an inability to form new memories:

Answer 8

Anterograde
(Think of antero = after)

Question 9

The digit span and corsi block tests asses long or short-term memory?

Answer 9

Short-term

Question 10

A patient is unable to name any movies from before his accident. The patient has deficits in:
a) long-term, declarative memory
b) short-term, spatial memory
c) short-term, verbal memory
d) long-term, procedural memory

Answer 10

a) long-term, declarative memory

Question 11

A woman has a tumour removed and suddenly cannot remember how to make an omelette. The woman has deficits in:
a) short-term, spatial memory
b) long-term, procedural memory
c) short-term, verbal memory
d) long-term, declarative memory

Answer 11

b) long-term, procedural memory

Question 12

Name the part of the hippocampus believed to be associated with severe memory deficits:

Answer 12

The mammillary bodies

Question 13

Patient H.M. experienced severe declarative memory deficits and amnesia after damage to which portion of the hippocampus?
(Think of the orientation of the brain)

Answer 13

Anterior

Question 14

Patient E.E. experienced short-term memory deficits after the removal of a tumour from the junction of which lobes?

Answer 14

Temporal, parietal and occipital

Question 15

True of false: the systems underlying short-term memory and distinct from those of long-term memory.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What does Patient E.E’s case tell us about how memory is organised in the brain?
a) declarative memory is localised to the left anterior hippocampus
b) the systems underlying verbal and spatial short-term memory are different
c) there cannot be short-term memory deficits without long-term deficits

Answer 16

b) the systems underlying verbal and spatial short-term memory are different

Question 17

What does Patient H.M.’s case tell us about how memory is organised in the brain?
a) STM is localised to parts of the brain irrigated by the anterior cerebral artery, whereas LTM is localised to parts irrigated by the middle cerebral artery
b) procedural memory is mediated by the thalamus
c) the systems underlying declarative and procedural long-term memory are separate

Answer 17

c) the systems underlying declarative and procedural long-term memory are separate
(H.M.’s case also taught us about the distinction between long and short-term memory systems