The Noun Flashcards

(204 cards)

1
Q

gender of nouns

A

the gender of a noun is either masculine (usually -o) or feminine (usually -a). the gender cannot be predicted so you have to memorize the definite articles (el, la, los, las)

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2
Q

nouns that are masculine

A
  • generally, nouns that end in -o
  • some nouns that end in -e or a consonant
  • some nouns that end in -a, including all international words ending in -ma
  • rivers and oceans
  • colors and numbers
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3
Q

nouns that are feminine

A
  • generally, nouns that end in -a
  • some nouns that end in -e or a consonant
  • all nouns that end in -ción, -sión, -dad, and -tad as well as most ending in -ud
  • some nouns that end in -o
  • letters of the alphabet
  • countries, cities, and islands ending in -a (others including those ending w/ a consonant are usually masculine)
  • some nouns that begin w/ a stressed -a or -ha take the masculine article, bc otherwise the pronunciation of the singular is unclear. In the plural, they use the feminine article las (ex. el hada, las hadas)
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4
Q

little boy

A

el chico

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5
Q

son

A

el hijo

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6
Q

book

A

el libro

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7
Q

bedroom

A

el dormitorio

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8
Q

car

A

el coche

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9
Q

airplane

A

el avión

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10
Q

trip/journey

A

el viaje

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11
Q

hotel

A

el hotel

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12
Q

day

A

el día

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13
Q

map

s/p

A

el mapa

los mapas

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14
Q

streetcar

A

el tranvía

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15
Q

problem

s/p

A

el problema

los problemas

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16
Q

couch

s/p

A

el sofá

los sofás

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17
Q

climate

A

el clima

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18
Q

yellow

A

el amarillo

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19
Q

green

A

el verde

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20
Q

lilac (color)

A

el lila

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21
Q

eight

A

el ocho

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22
Q

little girl

A

la chica

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23
Q

bed

A

la cama

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24
Q

table

A

la mesa

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25
beach
la playa
26
night | s/p
la noche | las noches
27
part (a part of something)
la parte
28
key
la llave
29
cathedral
la catedral
30
room
la habitación | - the norm is el cuarto
31
portion
la ración
32
decision | s/p
la decisión | las habitaciones
33
freedom
la libertad
34
age
la edad
35
city
la ciudad
36
youth
la juventud
37
health
la salud
38
hand
la mano
39
photo
la foto
40
radio
la radio
41
motorcycle
la moto
42
is it a b or a p?
¿Es una b o una p?
43
Malaga is very touristy. I'm going to India and Japan. Fuerteventura is very beautiful.
Málaga es muy turística. Yo me voy a la India y al Japón. Fuerteventura es muy bonita.
44
As the white eagle is rare, white eagles are protected. Fairies always help in stories, and so, the good fairy saves the princess many times.
Como el águila blanca es rara, las águilas blancas están protegidas. Las hadas siempre ayudan en los cuentos, y así, el hada buena salva muchas veces a la princesa.
45
identical sound, but different gender
there are a few nouns that sound the same but differ in meaning, depending on the gender. And in some regions, some nouns have a different gender depending on region
46
the capital (finances)
el capital
47
the capital (city)
la capital
48
the policeman
el policía
49
the police (force)
la policía
50
the priest
el cura
51
the cure
la cura
52
the guide (man)
el guía
53
the guide (woman)
la guía
54
there are a few words that are quite similar, but differ in gender and ending
you're doing great amiga. keep at it
55
el puerto | la puerta
the port | the door
56
el banco | la banca
the bank | the bench; banking
57
el bolso | la bolsa
the handbag | the bag; the stock exchange
58
el grupo | la grupa
the group | the hindquarters
59
los medios | las medias
the media | the stockings
60
gender of nouns denoting persons and occupations
the grammatical gender is the same of the natural gender beside a few words that are always feminine (ex. la persona - person, la víctima - victim)
61
my uncle is a male nurse and my aunt is a secretary
mi tío es enfermero y mi tía es secretaria
62
There is a lot of capital in the capital!
¡Hay mucho capital en la capital!
63
the keys and the money are not there!
¡las llaves y el dinero no están ahí!
64
the satchel, the notebooks, the ballpoint pen, and the books are on the table
la cartera, los cuadernos, el bolígrafo y los libros están en la mesa
65
now pedro has a problem
ahora pedro tiene un problema
66
if the masculine form ends in -o, the feminine..
ends in -a
67
if the masculine designation for a person or occupation ends in -or, the feminine...
ends in -ora
68
masculine designations for persons or occupations that end in -e usually have a feminine form...
ending in -a
69
waiter | s/p
el camarero | los camareros
70
waitress
la camarera
71
professor
el profesor/la profesora
72
worker
el trabajador/la trabajadora
73
boss
el jefe/la jefa
74
salesperson
el dependiente/la dependienta
75
president
el presidente/la presidenta
76
dad
el padre
77
mom
la madre
78
king
el rey
79
queen
la reina
80
prince
el príncipe
81
princess
la princesa
82
actor
el actor
83
actress
la actriz
84
Nouns that have one form for both genders
- some nouns ending in -nte - nouns ending in -ista - nouns ending in -a - and a few that cannot be assigned to any group
85
student
el estudiante/la estudiante
86
listener/auditor
el oyente/la oyente
87
tourist
el turista/la turista
88
colleague
el colega/la colega
89
guide person
el guía/la guía
90
young person
el joven/la joven
91
model (profession)
el modelo/la modelo
92
the young woman is a student and the young man is a journalist
la joven es estudiante y el joven es periodista
93
gender of nouns denoting animals
often a single form denotes both male and female animals. it may always be masculine or feminine
94
how do you express the gender difference for animals that have a single form?
add the word macho (male) or hembra (female) after the animal. (ex. el paz macho - the male fish)
95
for some animal species there is a feminine form ending in -a. then the masculine form is gender-neutral or denotes the male
YOU GOT THIS
96
for some utility species (farm animals), there are different terms for male and female animals
just keep swimming
97
bull
el toro
98
cow
la vaca
99
rooster
el gallo
100
hen
la gallina
101
horse
el caballo
102
mare (female horse)
la yegua
103
ram
el carnero
104
sheep
la oveja
105
gender of nouns denoting plants
- most designations for trees and shrubs are masculine - almost all kinds of fruits are feminine - flowers are masculine or feminine
106
pine tree
el pino
107
orange tree
el naranjo
108
olive tree
el olivo
109
walnut tree
el nogal
110
pear tree
el peral
111
rosemary
el romero
112
orange (fruit)
la naranja
113
pineapple
la piña
114
pear
la pera
115
mandarin orange
la mandarina
116
strawberry
la fresa
117
tulip
el tulipán
118
jasmine flower
el jazmín
119
rose
la rosa
120
daisy
la margarita
121
noun plurals
- if the noun ends in a vowel, attach an -s to the plural - if it ends in a consonant or stressed -í, add -es in plural - if it ends in -z, replace it with -ces in plural - nouns whose singular ends in a consonant and is stressed on the last syllable lose written accent in plural - nouns whose singular ends in -n and is stressed on next-to-last syllable acquire written accent on 3rd-from-last syllable in plural - 2-syllable nouns that end in -s preceded by an unstressed vowel in singular don't change in plural - some nouns are used only in singular or only in plural
122
little boy | s/p
el chico | los chicos
123
day | s/p
el día | los días
124
key | s/p
la llave | las llaves
125
hotel | s/p
el hotel | los hoteles
126
man | s/p
el señor | los señores
127
ski | s/p
el esquí | los esquíes
128
city | s/p
la ciudad | las ciudades
129
woman | s/p
la mujer | las mujeres
130
fish | s/p
el pescado | los pescados
131
pencil | s/p
el lápiz | los lápices
132
light | s/p
la luz | las luces
133
again | s/p
``` otra vez otras veces (other times) ```
134
plane | s/p
el avión | los aviones
135
german | s/p
el alemán | los alemanes
136
room | s/p
la habitación | las habitaciones
137
bus | s/p
el autobús | los autobuses
138
exam | s/p
el examen | los exámenes
139
young person | s/p
el joven | los jóvenes
140
Days of the week rules
- not capitalized - ex. el viernes (friday/on friday), los viernes (fridays/every friday) - it is common to use the articles
141
in the cities there are many buildings and many houses
en las ciudades hay muchos edificios y muchas casas
142
monday | s/p
el lunes | los lunes
143
crisis | s/p
la crisis | las crisis
144
people
la gente
145
holidays
las vacaciones
146
scissors
las tijeras
147
glasses
las gafas
148
outskirts
las afueras
149
special features of the plural of nouns denoting persons or occupations
masculine nouns denoting persons or occupations that are used in the plural, depending on the context, designate either males or the entire group of males and females
150
referring to entire family or married couple
use plural of the article plus the family name (ex. los Roca). don't attach an -s to family name
151
1. Do you have children, Mr. and Mrs. Roca? | 2. Yes, we have a son and a daughter
1. ¿Tienen ustedes hijos, señores Roca? | 2. Sí, tenemos un hijo y una hija
152
1. Do you see the teacher's new car? | 2. Yes! The teacher always buys sports cars, doesn't she?
1. ¿Ves el coches nuevo de la profesora? | 2. ¡Sí! La profesora siempre compra coches deportivos, ¿verdad?
153
Noun as part of a sentence
- in spanish the noun does not change in form, regardless of its role in the sentence - four different roles; nominative, genitive, dative, accusative
154
Nominative role
- subject of the sentence and noun is first - noun is performing the action - ex. el tío tiene un coche
155
Genitive role
- noun is serving as an owner (possessive) - expressed w/ preposition "de" + article + noun - ex. el coche del tío es grande
156
Dative role
- noun is receiving the action indirectly - a + article + noun - ex. Al tío le gusta
157
Accusative role
- noun is receiving action directly and generally doesn't require a preposition - ex. ¿Ves al tío?
158
the uncle has a car
el tío tiene un coche
159
the car is big
el coche es grande
160
the uncle's car is big
el coche del tío es grande
161
the roof of the car is red
el techo del coche es rojo
162
give your uncle a picture
dale una foto al tío
163
the uncle likes it
al tío le gusta
164
you see the uncle?
¿ves al tío?
165
you see the car?
¿ves el coche?
166
system
el sistema
167
moon
la luna
168
pharmacies
las farmacias
169
neighbor | s/p
el vecino | los vecinos
170
program | s/p
el programa | los programas
171
coordinator | s/p
el coordinador | los coordinadores
172
discussion | s/p
la discusión | las discusiones
173
sunday | s/p
el domingo | los domingos
174
analysis | s/p
el análisis | los análisis
175
adult | m/f
el hombre | la mujer
176
actor | m/f
el actor | la actriz
177
singer | m/f
el cantante | la cantante
178
cat | m/f
el gato | la gata
179
horse | m/f
el caballo | la yegua
180
salesperson | m/f
el dependiente | la dependiente
181
prince | m/f
el príncipe | la princesa
182
model | m/f
el modelo | la modelo
183
cow | m/f
el toro | la vaca
184
chicken | m/f
el gallo | la gallina
185
the colleague is names Jordi Puig
el colega se llama Jordi Puig
186
what a fantastic beach! and fortunately, tourists have not arrived until now
¡qué playa tan fantástica! Y por suerte, hasta aquí no han llegado los turistas
187
of course you can drink the tap water, nothing happened
claro que puedes tomar el agua del grifo, no pasa nada
188
I can't find the house keys
¡no encuentro las llaves de casa!
189
how good! I washed the dishes and you sat comfortably on the couch. why didn't you help me a little?
¡qué bien! yo lavando los platos y tú sentado cómodamente en el sofá! ¿por qué no me ayudas un poco?
190
the age of Lulú is ideal. he has a lot of freedom, but still has no responsibilities
la edad de Lulú es ideal. tiene mucha libertad, pero todavía no tiene responsabilidades
191
of course we don't ignore the problems, but we don't lose the optimism
claro que no ignoramos los problemas, pero no perdemos el optimismo
192
1. Do you think we can start new business? | 2. No, the company does not have enough capital at this time.
1. ¿Crees que podemos empezar nuevos negocios? | 2. No, la empresa no tiene el capital suficiente en este momento
193
1. Here is something weird! the safe is open! | 2. wow! we better call the police
1. ¡aquí hay algo raro! ¡la caja fuerte está abierta! | 2. ¡huy! mejor llamamos a la policía
194
1. cristina is a very intelligent girl | 2. yes, she is the best of the group
1. cristina es una chica muy inteligente | 2. sí, es la mejor del grupo
195
1. have you heard the news? the german team does not continue in the soccer championship. 2. of course, the news is already in all the media
1. ¿has oído la noticia? ¡el equipo alemán no sigue en el campeonato de fútbol! 2. claro, la noticia está ya en todos los medios
196
1. how do you know there is a museum in this neighborhood? | 2. it says in the guide. look, here on page 91
1. ¿cómo sabes que hay un museo en este barrio? | 2. lo dice en la guía. mira, aquí en la página 91.
197
1. asunción is a big city, right? | 2. of course, it is the capital of paraguay and has more than 450 thousand inhabitants
1. asunción es una ciudad grande, ¿verdad? | 2. claro, es la capital de paraguay y tiene más de 450 mil habitantes
198
1. are you hungry? | 2. yes. where have you put the bag of chips?
1. ¿tiene hambre? | 2. sí. ¿dónde has puesto la bolso de papas fritas?
199
1. whose blue socks are these? | 2. Paco's. they are part of your sports uniform
1. ¿de quién son las medias azules? | 2. de paco. son parte de su uniforme de deporte
200
this is easy guys, where is the problem?
esto es fácil, chicos, ¿dónde está el problema?
201
marcos practiced everyday; he wants to be a professional tennis player
marcos practica todos los días; quiere ser tenista profesional
202
the most important thing is not things, but people
lo más importante no son las cosas, sino las personas
203
do you already know the new priest? he's names anthony
¿ya conoces al nuevo cura? se llama antonio
204
I tell you your luck? let's see give me your left hand
¿te digo tu suerte? a ver, dame la mano izquierda