The Oral Cavity and Pharynx

Question 1

Describe the 3 phases of swallowing?

Answer 1

1) Oral: voluntary
2) Pharyngeal: involuntary
3) Oesophageal: involuntary

Question 2

What are the four muscles of mastication? Which open and which close the mouth?

Answer 2

Close mouth:
Medial pterygoid, masseter and temporalis

Open mouth:
Lateral pterygoid

Question 3

All the muscles of mastication are innervated by?

Answer 3

CNV3

Question 4

Which muscle of mastication originates on the coronoid process of the mandible and fans out on the temporal fossa?

Answer 4

Temporalis

Question 5

Which muscle of mastication originates from the condyle of the mandible and inserts onto the pterygoid plate of the spenhoid bone?

Answer 5

Lateral pterygoid

Question 6

Which muscle of mastication originates on the angle of the mandible and inserts onto the ptergoid plate of the sphenoid bone?

Answer 6

Medial pterygoid

Question 7

Name 2 accessory muscles of mastication?

Answer 7

Orbicularis Oris

Buccinator

Question 8

What is the function of orbicularis oris? What does it look like?

Answer 8

It is a circular muscle around the lips

It forms the labial (lips) seal and stops food spilling out

Question 9

What is the function of the buccinator?

Answer 9

It tightens the cheeks and bushes food from the buccal side (cheek) into the midline lingual side (tongue)

Question 10

What are the 4 pairs of intrinsic tongue muscles?

Answer 10

superior and inferior longitudinal
transverse
vertical

Question 11

What are the 4 pairs of extrinsic tongue muscles?

Answer 11

Genioglossus
Palatoglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus

Question 12

What is the role of all tongue muscles?

Answer 12

Manipulate the bolus and align it between the dentition and push it against the hard palate

Question 13

All tongue muscles are innervated by __1____ except __2____

Answer 13

1) hypoglossal nerve

2) palatoglossus which is vagus

Question 14

What bones make up the palate?

Answer 14

left and right maxilla

left and right palatine bones

Question 15

What is the soft palate made up of?

Answer 15

Several muscles and connective tissue

Question 16

What does the soft palate do in the oral phase?

Answer 16

It depresses to create a oropharyngeal seal and the tongue ‘ripples’ the bolus posteriorly.

Question 17

Sensation to the palate is provided by?

Answer 17

CNV2

Question 18

Sensation to the superior gingiva is provided by __1____ and to the inferior is provided by __2____

Answer 18

1) CNV2

2) CNV3

Question 19

What are the 3 pairs of salivary glands? What do they secrete by?

Answer 19

parotid, sublingual and submandibular
Parotid- opposite second upper molar
Sublingual- glands in floor of mouth
Submandibular- lingual caruncle

Question 20

What are the salivary glands innervated by?

Answer 20

parotid > CNIX
Submandibular > CNVII
Sublingual > CNVII

Question 21

What are the names of all the tonsils?

Answer 21

2 tubal tonsils
2 palatine tonsils
Pharyngeal/adenoid tonsils
Lingual tonsil

Question 22

What do tonsils contain?

Answer 22

Lymphoid tissue

Question 23

The pharynx extends to the _____1_______
The oesophagus begins at _____2_______
The larynx becomes the trachea at _____3_______

Answer 23

1) inferior border of cricoid cartilage anteriorly and the inferior border of C6 posteriorly
2) C6
3) C6

Question 24

The nose opens into the nasopharynx through _____

Answer 24

two chonae > paired openings

Question 25

The nerve supply to the pharynx derives from the _____1______ plexus of nerves. Motor fibres in the plexus are derived from the ___2___ supplying _____3_____ Sensory fibres are derived from __4______

Answer 25

1) the pharyngeal plexus 2) vagus nerve 3) all the muscles of the pharynx, soft palate except stylopharyngeus (CNIX) and tensor veil palatini (CNV3) 4) the glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 26

What is the gag reflex? What nerves are involved?

Answer 26

Gag reflex is a protective reflex which prevents unwanted material from entering the GI or respiratory tracts. Sensory component is glossopharyngeal and motor component includes glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve

Question 27

What is the tores tubarius?

Answer 27

feature of the nasopharynx caused by the cartilaginous opening of the eustachian tube

Question 28

Stratified squamous epithelium rule?

Answer 28

Generally found in anything that has contact with the outside e.g. the oesophagus and the anus If it is on the skin it needs extra protection so is keratinised

Question 29

What cells are the three parts of the pharynx lined with and why?

Answer 29

Nasopharynx- respiratory epithelium | Oro and laryngopharynx are in contact with food and outside so need stratified squamous epithelium

Question 30

What vertebral level is the hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage?

Answer 30

Hyoid: C3 Cricoid: C6 Thyroid: C4,5,6