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(O) Anatomy > The Orbit and Eye > Flashcards

The Orbit and Eye Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

limbus

A

border between the cornea and the sclera

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2
Q

punctum

A

where the lacrimal fluid drains into

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3
Q

conjunctival fornix

A

line of reflection from the eyelid and the conjunctiva

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4
Q

how does the cornea get nutrients

A

lacrimal fluid

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5
Q

what are the 2 layers of the outer fibrous layer of the eye

A
  • sclera

- cornea

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6
Q

what does the sclera cover and how many muscles attach to it

A

5/6 of the posterior eye

6/7 extra-ocular muscles

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7
Q

what does the cornea cover

A

anterior 1/6 of the eye

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8
Q

what is the middle layer of the eye called, is a/vascular

A
  • uvea

- highly vascular

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9
Q

what are the 3 layers of the uvea

A
  • iris
  • ciliary body
  • choroid
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10
Q

where is the iris and what does it control

A
  • on the anterior surface of the lens

- controls pupil diameter

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11
Q

where is the ciliary body and what is its functions

A
  • posterolateral to the lens

- controls iris, shape of lens and secretion of aqueous humour

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12
Q

what and where is the choroid and what it its function

A
  • dense vascular bed engorged with blood
  • lines most of the sclera
  • provides nutrition and gas exchange
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13
Q

what is the internal layer of the eye

A

retina

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14
Q

what are the 3 parts of the retina (that we need to know)

A
  • macula
  • optic disc
  • retina
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15
Q

where is the anterior chamber

A

front of the lens is between the cornea and iris of the eye

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16
Q

where is the posterior chamber

A

between the iris and suspensory ligaments

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17
Q

what is the anterior segment divided into

A

anterior and the posterior chambers

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18
Q

what is in the posterior segment

A

vitreous body

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19
Q

what is the vitreous humour

A

a jelly-like substance that transmits light, helps hold the retina in place and helps support the lens

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20
Q

where is a common location for ‘floaters’

A

vitrous body

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21
Q

where is the iridocorneal angle

A

between the cornea and anterior surface of the iris

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22
Q

what does the iridocorneal angle contain

A

trabecular tissue for drainage of aqueous humour into the scleral venous sinus

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23
Q

describe the circulation of aqueous humour

A

ciliary body produces aqueous and ciliary processes secrete it
flows into posterior chamber
passes through pupil to anterior chamber
reabsorbed in venous plexus at iridocorneal angle

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24
Q

what does the ciliary body consist of

A

smooth muscle and blood vessels

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25
in what chamber does the aqueous nourish the lens
posterior
26
in what chamber does the aqueous nourish the cornea
anterior
27
what is intra-ocular pressure established by
the balance between the production and reabsorption of aqueous
28
what is the main arterial supply to the eye
ophthalmic artery
29
where does the ophthalmic artery branch from
internal carotid
30
how does the ophthalmic artery pass into the orbit
through the optic canal
31
what artery supplies some structures of the floor of the orbit
infra-orbital artery
32
where does the infra-orbital artery branch from
internal carotid
33
what arteries are the main supply to the choroid
ciliary arteries
34
where do the ciliary arteries branch from
ophthalmic artery
35
how does the central artery of the retina get to the retina
pierces through optic sheath and travels with the optic nerve to the internal retina
36
what is the only blood supply and drainage of the retina
central artery and vein
37
what is the main drainage of the orbit
superior and inferior ophthalmic veins
38
how do the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins exit the orbit and drain
via the orbital fissure to drain into the cavernous sinus the inferior ophthalmic will usually meet the superior ophthalmic before draining into the cavernous sinus
39
where does the central vein drain into
usually drains into the cavernous sinus but may join the superior ophthalmic vein
40
what vein also drains into the pterygoid plexus
inferior ophthalmic
41
where does the pterygoid plexus sit
around the pterygoid muscles
42
what veins connect to the superficial veins of the face
both ophthalmic veins
43
what is the ‘danger triangle’ of the face
any cut or infection of facial veins may allow spread back to the cranial cavity
44
what is the fundus
posterior area of the retina where light is focused
45
what is used to visualise the fundus
fundoscopy
46
what 3 structures are within the fundus
- Optic disc - Macula - Fovea
47
what is the optic disc
point of CN II formation and only point of entry/exit for blood vessels and axons of CN II
48
why is the optic disc called the 'blind spot'
no photoreceptors present and so it is insensitive to light
49
what is the macula and what is its function
- area of the greatest density of cones | - it is highly specialised for acute vision
50
where is the fovea and what is its function
- 1.5mm dip in the centre of the macula | - area of most acute vision
51
posterior layer of the retina and its function
- photoreceptors | - pick up light when it hits the retina
52
layer of the retina anterior to the photoreceptors
ganglion cells, nerves synapse here
53
where are the retinal vessels located
just anterior to the retina
54
bones of the orbit
- sphenoid - ethmoid - maxilla - lacrimal - frontal - palatine - zygomatic
55
what are orbital plates and what bones have them
flat smooth areas of bone | frontal, ethmoid and maxilla
56
where is the optic canal located
posterolaterally
57
where is the superior orbital fissure and what nerves pass through there
between the lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid | CN III, IV, VI
58
where does the supraorbital NVB pass through and what is its nerve a branch of
supraorbital notch | ophthalmic division of trigeminal
59
where does the infraorbital NVB pass through and what is its nerve a branch of
infraorbital notch | maxillary division of trigeminal
60
shape of the orbit
pyramidal
61
orbital rim is made up of
maxillary and zygomatic inferiorly and frontal bone superiorly
62
where does the orbit face
anterolaterally
63
what bones in the orbit are liable to fracture
orbital plates
64
where does the orbital rim fracture (if it does)
along its sutures
65
trapdoor fracture
bone fractures but a part is still attached, stuff can get trapped

(O) Anatomy (5 decks)

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