The Participant as an Individual

Question 1

What does the term ‘inclusion’ mean?

Answer 1

That no one should experience barriers to learning as a result of their disability, heritage, gender, special educational need, ethnicity, social group, sexual orientation, race or culture.

Question 2

Give an example of how a sport has been adapted for disabled athletes.

Answer 2

• Wheelchair basketball. Hoop height is the same but rules have been adapted.
• Football for the blind. Ball-bearings within the ball so that it is audible and its movement can be tracked.
• Blind runners have able-bodied runners who run next to them to guide them down the track.

Question 3

What is flexibility?

Answer 3

The range of movement around a joint

Question 4

How must new facilities cater for the disabled?

Answer 4

Access- doorways wide enough for wheel chair access, and ramps must be provided.
Parking- disabled bays.
Provision- lifts, disabled toilets, and specific activities/clubs suitable for disabled participants.

Question 5

Explain the term ‘peak’

Answer 5

At your very best.

Question 6

Women have less __________ ___________ than men so they tend to be far more _____________.

Answer 6

muscle mass

flexible

Question 7

What is the definition of power?

Answer 7

The combination of speed and strength.

Question 8

What does physiology mean?

Answer 8

The functions and processes of the human body

Question 9

This is when you are at your very best

Answer 9

peak

Question 10

List 3 effects that age has on the body during the teenage years

Answer 10

Increase in size
Increase muscle mass
Oxygen capacity increases

Question 11

List 3 effects of ageing on performance for the middle aged athlete

Answer 11

Flexibility decreases
Cardiovascular endurance decreases
More prone to and longer recovery from injuries
Skill level increases

Question 12

Describe how 2 sports are modified so that they are safe for young athletes to perform

Answer 12

Rubgy- Tag rugby- no contact, smaller pitch, less players on pitch, smaller ball, age groupings
Football- 7or9 a side, smaller pitch, smaller goals, age groupings

Question 13

Men generally reach their peak in their

Answer 13

20s

Question 14

List the 4 types of disability

Answer 14

Physical
Mental
Permanent
Temporary

Question 15

Explain how wheelchair basketball is adapted for inclusion?

Answer 15

Hoop and court dimensions are NOT changed

Rules are adapted- such as travelling

Question 16

How is football adapted for inclusion?

Answer 16

7 a side
Bell in the ball
All players are blindfolded (except goalkeeper)

Question 17

Give an example of a sport that has been developed specifically for inclusion

Answer 17

Goal ball

Question 18

How is sprinting adapted for inclusion?

Answer 18

Disability classifications (including specific wheelchair classifications)
Guide runners

Question 19

Name 4 physiological differences between men and women

Answer 19

Men tend to be bigger than women
Men tend to have bigger hearts and lungs
Men tend to have greater muscle mass
Women tend to have a higher level of body fat
Women reach physical maturity earlier than men

Question 20

True or false

Men are generally more flexible than women

Answer 20

False

Question 21

Describe 3 effects that the physiological differences between men and women have on performance

Answer 21

Men tend to have greater cardiovascular endurance
Men tend to have greater explosive strength
Women tend to have greater flexibility

Question 22

What does culture mean?

Answer 22

The ideas, customs and social behaviours of a particular group in society

Question 23

Give an example of how religion can affect performance in football

Answer 23

A Muslim may fast during Ramadan, leading to a lack of energy to train or compete at their peak

Question 24

Give an example of how culture can affect participation in cricket

Answer 24

Somebody from an Australian background may be more likely to participate in cricket because it is a popular sport in that country, as it was introduced through colonisation

Question 25

Body composition is:

Answer 25

The percentage of your body weight that is made up of fat, bone and muscle

Question 26

List the 3 somatotypes

Answer 26

endomorph mesomorph ectomorph

Question 27

Why would an ectomorph be suited to cross country running?

Answer 27

Light Less weight to carry More efficient

Question 28

Which position in rugby would be most suited to an endomorph?

Answer 28

A forward

Question 29

List the 5 environmental factors that can affect participation and performance

Answer 29

``` Weather Terrain Pollution Altitude Humidity ```

Question 30

How could weather affect participation in cricket?

Answer 30

If it rains, it is unsafe to play and play has to stop

Question 31

What is the difference between risk assessment, risk control and safeguards? Give an example for each for football

Answer 31

RA- identifying the hazards of an activity (player cut by a sharp stud) RC- what you do to prevent the hazards from occurring (referee checks boots before the game) S- what you have in place in case of an emergency (mobile phone, first aid kit)

Question 32

Using an example, explain what is meant by the term challenging activity?

Answer 32

A activity that is physically or mentally demanding, often with an element of risk or danger. Eg rock climbing could result in injury and requires high levels of strength and courage

Question 33

What makes an activity competitive?

Answer 33

Play to a set of rules Organised and structured Often train to improve performance Take the activity seriously

Question 34

Activities that are less serious and structured, played for enjoyment are known as

Answer 34

Recreation

Question 35

Why would a professional sportsperson need more exercise than an amateur?

Answer 35

Need to train more often to improve fitness and skill levels to be successful.

Question 36

List the 3 training seasons

Answer 36

Pre season Peak season Post season

Question 37

Periodisation is

Answer 37

The parts of a training programme

Question 38

Give an example of how a lack of funds could restrict someones participation in tennis

Answer 38

No money to buy a racket or balls, hire a court or make their way to or from a venue