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Chemistry > The Periodic Table > Flashcards

The Periodic Table Flashcards

1
Q

Who is known as the father of chemistry?

A

Robert Boyle
(He defined a element)

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2
Q

What is an element

A

A substance that cannot be broken down into anything simpler by chemical means

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3
Q

What did Humphrey Davy do

A

Discovered many elements by passing electricity through compounds to split them into their element

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4
Q

Who proposed the idea of Triads

A

Johann Dobereiner

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5
Q

What is a Triad

A

A group of three element with similar chemical properties where the mass of the middle element element is equal to the average of the other two

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6
Q

Name two examples of Triads

A

Li, Na, K
Cl, Br, I

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7
Q

Who tried arranging the element into octaves?

A

John Newlands

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8
Q

What is Newlands Law of octaves

A

When the elements were arranged in order of atomic mass. Every eight element had similar chemical properties

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9
Q

Problems of Newlands Law of Octaves

A

He tired to force all known elements into the pattern.
Silver was included in the Alkali metals. Silver is unreactive
He didn’t know that some elements hadn’t be discovered yet

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10
Q

Who arranged the elements according to atomic weight?

A

Mendeleev

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11
Q

Key aspects of Mendeleev’s periodic table

A

Elements were grouped by similar properties.
Elements were grouped in increasing atomic weight

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12
Q

What Mendeleev did differently

A

Left gaps in his table for undiscovered elements
Reversed the other of some elements ( more important to have elements with similar properties grouped together)

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13
Q

What is Mendeleev’s Periodic law

A

When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic mass, the properties of the element recur periodically

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14
Q

What is the atomic number

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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15
Q

The Mass number

A

The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of a atom

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16
Q

Who discovered how to calculate the number of protons

A

Henry Moseley

17
Q

What did Henry Mosley discover

A

He discovered how to calculate the number of protons.
Each element has a unique atomic number

18
Q

What is the Morden periodic law

A

When elements are arranged in a order of increasing atomic number, the properties of the element reoccur periodically

19
Q

Differences between the Modern periodic table and Mendeleev’a periodic table

A

Modern
Arranged in increasing atomic number
No gaps
Transition metals have a different block
Nobel gasses included
Mendeleev’s
Arranged in order of increasing weight
Gaps left for undiscovered element
No transition metal block
No Nobel gasses

20
Q

What are Isotopes

A

Atoms of the same element which have different mass numbers due to the different number of neutrons in the atom

21
Q

What is Relative atomic mass

A

The average of the mass numbers of the Isotopes of the elements as they
Occur naturally.
Taking into account their abundances and expressed on a scale which the atoms of Carbon-12 isotope have exactly 12 units

22
Q

Molecule

A

Two or more atoms chemically combined

23
Q

Name the functions of a mass spectrometer

A

Identify the presence of isotopes
To measure Relative atomic masses and relative molecular masses
Identify unknown compounds such as drugs
Measure the relative abundance of isotopes

24
Q

How do you get RMM

A

Add together the atomic masses of the atoms in a molecule

25
Q

What is the principle of mass spectrometer?

A

Positive ions separate based of their relative masses when moving in a magnetic field. The lighter the relative mass of the charged particle, the greater the radius of the circular path along which they are deflected

26
Q

Name the 5 processes that occur in mass spectrometry?

A

Vaporisation
Iodisation
Acceleration
Separation
Detection

27
Q

Describe Vaporisation

A

A small amount of the sample is injected. As there is a vacuum, liquids turn to gasses

28
Q

Describe Ionisation

A

An electron gun is a heated filament that gives off electrons. It produces a beam of high energy electrons. When bombarded, an atom can lose an electron to form a positive ion

29
Q

Describe acceleration

A

The positive ions produced passes between a series of negative plates that attract the postive ions and accelerate them to high speeds

30
Q

Describe separation

A

Ions are deflected as it passes through a magnetic field depending on atomic mass.Lighter ions are deflected more than heavier ions. This way they can be separated and identified.

31
Q

Describe Detection

A

The positive ions hit the detector at the end of the mass spectrometer. Their abundances and mass are recorded on a computer

Chemistry (14 decks)

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