The Periodic Table

Question 1

HCNOPS pneumonic

Answer 1

1*
H
4 5 6*
C N O
5 6*
P S
* valence electrons

Question 2

Difference between
atomic number
atomic weight
atomic mass

Answer 2

atomic number is the number of protons (unique to each element)

atomic mass is the combined amount of protons, electrons and neutrons for that particular isotope

atomic weight (otherwise known as relative atomic mass) is the average atomic mass of that element’s isotopes

Question 3

Hybridization pneumonic

Answer 3

HISS
Hybridization
Is
Single (bond) and
Sigma

Question 4

Orbital hybridization overview 1

Answer 4

Orbital hybridisation (or hybridization) is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals (with different energies, shapes, etc., than the component atomic orbitals) suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds in valence bond theory.

Question 5

Orbital hybridization overview 2

Answer 5

For example, in a carbon atom which forms four single bonds, the valence-shell s orbital combines with three valence-shell p orbitals to form four equivalent sp3 mixtures in a tetrahedral arrangement around the carbon to bond to four different atoms.

Hybrid orbitals are useful in the explanation of molecular geometry and atomic bonding properties and are symmetrically disposed in space.

Usually hybrid orbitals are formed by mixing atomic orbitals of comparable energies.

Question 6

Eletronegativty

Question 7

How are protons and electrons related to each other in terms of electrical charge on the atom?

Answer 7

Atom neutrality is maintained when the total number of protons and electrons equal each other in any given element

Question 8

How are protons and electrons related to each other?

Answer 8

Atom neutrality is maintained when the total number of protons and electrons equal each other in any given element

Question 9

What are the three types of chemical bonding?

Answer 9

Ionic
Covalent
Metallic