The Periodic Table

Question 1

What does the modern Periodic Table list?

Answer 1

Approximately 100 elements

Question 2

What was a key feature of the first lists of elements?

Answer 2

Ordered by atomic mass with no gaps

Question 3

How did Mendeleev’s Periodic Table differ from the modern one?

Answer 3

Elements were not grouped appropriately and had no clear distinction

Question 4

What discovery allowed scientists to group elements by similar chemical properties?

Answer 4

The discovery of electrons

Question 5

How are elements ordered in the modern Periodic Table?

Answer 5

By atomic number

Question 6

What did the discovery of neutrons lead to?

Answer 6

The discovery of isotopes

Question 7

What problem did isotopes explain in the Periodic Table?

Answer 7

Why some elements didn’t fit when organized by atomic mass

Question 8

What significant prediction did Mendeleev make?

Answer 8

Properties of undiscovered elements based on gaps in his table

Question 9

What are the elements in Group 0 called?

Answer 9

Noble gases

Question 10

What are the properties of noble gases?

Answer 10

• Full outer shells with eight electrons
• Very unreactive (inert)
• Do not bond to form molecules

Question 11

What is the primary grouping of elements in the Periodic Table?

Answer 11

By chemical properties

Question 12

Fill in the blank: The elements in Group 1 are known as _______.

Answer 12

alkali metals

Question 13

True or False: All elements in the modern Periodic Table have gaps.

Answer 13

False

Question 14

What is the trend of boiling points in noble gases?

Answer 14

Boiling points increase down the group

Question 15

What are halogens known for?

Answer 15

Their reactivity

Question 16

What was a limitation of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table?

Answer 16

Some elements had to be swapped to fit in appropriate groups

Question 17

What does the term ‘reactivity’ refer to in the context of the Periodic Table?

Answer 17

The tendency of an element to undergo chemical reactions

Question 18

What does the term ‘group’ refer to in the Periodic Table?

Answer 18

A column of elements with similar properties

Question 19

What elements are in Group 1?

Answer 19

Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium, Francium

Group 1 elements are also known as alkali metals.

Question 20

What do Group 1 elements react with?

Answer 20

Oxygen, chlorine, and water

These reactions are significant in understanding alkali metal properties.

Question 21

What do alkali metals form when they react with water?

Answer 21

An alkali (a solution of their metal hydroxide)

This is a defining characteristic of alkali metals.

Question 22

Why are Group 1 elements very reactive?

Answer 22

They have one electron in their outer shell that they need to lose

This single electron makes them highly reactive.

Question 23

What happens to reactivity as you move down Group 1?

Answer 23

Reactivity increases

Larger atomic size and weaker electrostatic attraction contribute to this trend.

Question 24

What changes occur to the melting and boiling points down Group 1?

Answer 24

Melting point and boiling point decrease

This trend is observed as you move from lithium to francium.

Question 25

What are Group 7 elements called?

Answer 25

Halogens ## Footnote Halogens are non-metals that exist as molecules made up of pairs of atoms.

Question 26

What are the states of matter for the first four halogens at room temperature?

Answer 26

Gas (Fluorine, Chlorine), Liquid (Bromine), Solid (Iodine) ## Footnote This highlights the physical state changes in halogens.

Question 27

What happens to reactivity as you move down Group 7?

Answer 27

Reactivity decreases ## Footnote It becomes harder to gain the one electron to fill the outer shell.

Question 28

What is a displacement reaction in the context of Group 7 elements?

Answer 28

More reactive Group 7 elements can take the place of less reactive ones in a compound ## Footnote Example: Fluorine displaces chlorine in a reaction.

Question 29

Fill in the blank: The reaction of Group 1 metals with water is rather _______.

Answer 29

spectacular ## Footnote This is often demonstrated in educational settings.

Question 30

What is the trend for melting and boiling points in Group 7?

Answer 30

Melting point and boiling point increase down the group ## Footnote This is opposite to the trend observed in Group 1.

Question 31

True or False: The outer shell is further away from the nucleus in larger atoms of Group 1, making them less reactive.

Answer 31

False ## Footnote The further distance and additional shells actually increase reactivity.