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The Periodic Table Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an alkali metal?

A

Elements in group 1 of the periodic table.

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2
Q

What is an atomic number?

A

Number of proton (same as the number electrons) in an atom.

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3
Q

What is an electron?

A

Tiny particle with a negative charge. Electrons orbit the nucleus in shells.

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4
Q

What is an element?

A

A substance made up of only one type of atom.

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5
Q

What is a group?

A

Elements that go down in a column

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6
Q

What is a halogen?

A

Elements in group 7 of the periodic table

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7
Q

What is a mass number?

A

number of protons+ number of neutrons

in nucleus of an atom.

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8
Q

What is a noble gas?

A

Elements in group 0 of the periodic table.

Very unreactive gas

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9
Q

What is a periodic table?

A

Arrangement of elements in the order of their atomic numbers, forming groups and periods.

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10
Q

What is the relative atomic mass? Ar

A

Average mass of the atoms of an element compared with Carbon-12

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11
Q

What is a shell?

A

An area in an atom - around its nucleus - where electrons are found

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12
Q

What are the state symbols?

A

Dissolved in water-(aq)
gas-(g)
liquid(l)
soid(s)

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13
Q

What is a transitional metal?

A

Element from the central block of the periodic table.

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14
Q

Who created the 1st type of periodic table & when?

A

John Dalton
Early 1800s

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15
Q

What did John Dalton do?

A

He arranged the known elements in order of there atomic weights

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16
Q

Who created the 2nd type of periodic table & when?

A

Johan Wolfgang Döbereiner
1817

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17
Q

What did Johan Wolfgang Döbereiner do?

A

He organized the element in groups of 3.

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18
Q

What were the groups of 3 Johan Wolfgang Döbereiner called?

A

Triads

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19
Q

How would you calculate the weight of the middle element in a triad?

A

You would find the average between the other 2.

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20
Q

Why was the triads unsuccessful?

A

They would only work for a few groups of elements.

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21
Q

Who created the 3rd type of periodic table & when?

A

Alexandre-Émile Béguyer de Chancourtois
1862

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22
Q

What did Alexandre-Émile Béguyer de Chancourtois?

A

He found out that elements with similar properties occurred at regular intervals (periodically).

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23
Q

Why didn’t Alexandre-Émile Béguyer de Chancourtois work?

A

he didn’t use the correct scientific terms.
He didn’t include a diagram in his finding.
l—–>Largely ignored.

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24
Q

Who created the 4th type of periodic table & when?

A

John Newlands
1863

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25
What did John Newlands do?
He noticed when elements placed in order of weight there were sometimes similarities between every 8th element.
26
What is the law of John Newlands called?
Law of Octaves
27
Who created the modern periodic table & when?
Dmitri Mendeleev 1869
28
What did Dmitri Mendeleev do?
He arranged the known elements in order of increasing atomic weights. He left gaps for elements that hadn't been discovered & swapped the order for several elements so that a periodic pattern in their properties could be seen.
29
Name 3 properties of metals?
Conducts electricity/heat Good Conductors Bad insulators Magnetic Malleable Mainly maintain a fixed shape at room temperature Shiny
30
Name 3 properties of non-metals?
Can't conduct electricity/heat Bad conductors Good insulators Not magnetic Not malleable Not mainly maintain a fixed shape at room temperature Dull
31
What does sonorous mean?
Can be rung like a bell
32
What does brittle mean?
Easy to snap
33
What does ductile mean?
Can be drawn into wires
34
What does malleable mean?
Can be hammered into shapes
35
What does dense mean?
A small amount is heavy for its size
36
How do you determine the amount of periods in an element?
By the amount of shells on the electron shells
37
How do you determine the groups that an element is in?
By the amount of electrons on the outer shells
38
How many electrons are on the outer shell for the alkali metals?
1
39
What is the charge on the ion formed in an alkali metal?
+1
40
What is the state of an alkali metal at 25°C?
Solid
41
What is the description of Lithium?
It floats on water Soft Shiny when cut
42
What is the description of Sodium?
It floats on water Soft Shiny when cut
43
What is the description of Potassium?
It floats on water Soft Shiny when cut
44
What is the description of Rubidium?
Very soft Shiny when cut
45
What is the description of Caesium?
Softest Shiny when cut
46
What is the reaction when Lithium reacts water?
Vigorous reaction Fizzing releases hydrogen gas
47
What is the reaction when Sodium reacts water?
Vigorous reaction Fizzing releases hydrogen gas
48
What is the reaction when Potassium reacts water?
Vigorous reaction Fizzing releases hydrogen gas Produces a lilac flame
49
What is the reaction when rubidium reacts water?
Explodes when it hits the water
50
What is the reaction when Caesium reacts water?
Explodes when it hits the water
51
What is the reaction when francium reacts water?
Explodes when it hits the water
52
What is the reaction when lithium reacts with oxygen?
Burns least vigorously forming white smoke
53
What is the reaction when sodium reacts with oxygen?
Burns vigorously forming white smoke
54
What is the reaction when potassium reacts with oxygen?
Burns vigorously forming white smoke
55
What is the reaction when rubidium reacts with oxygen?
Burns vigorously forming white smoke
56
What is the reaction when Caesium reacts oxygen?
Burns vigorously forming white smoke
57
What is the reaction when francium reacts with oxygen?
Burns the most vigorously forming white smoke
58
What is the reaction when lithium reacts with chlorine?
Least vigorous reaction Forms white solid
59
What is the reaction when sodium reacts with chlorine?
Vigorous reaction Forms white solid
60
What is the reaction when potassium reacts with chlorine?
Vigorous reaction Forms white solid
61
What is the reaction when rubidium reacts with chlorine?
Vigorous reaction Forms white solid
62
What is the reaction when Caesium reacts with chlorine?
Vigorous reaction Forms white solid
63
What is the reaction when francium reacts with chlorine?
Most vigorous reaction Forms white solid
64
What is the reactivity trend with alkali metals?
The reactivity increases as you go down.
65
What happens to the atoms and radius as you go down group 0?
The radius and atoms increase in size
66
Describe the outer shell of the noble gases.
The number increase as you go down the group They have full outer shells
67
What are the properties of a noble gas?
Non metals Very unreactive gas (inert) exists as single atoms (monoatomic) Colourless
68
What are the physical properties of a noble gas?
Increases in density as you go down the group The particles are far spread apart and has a low dense
69
what is the reaction of chlorine water and potassium chloride solution?
No result
70
what is the reaction of chlorine water and potassium bromide solution?
Turns light yellow
71
what is the reaction of chlorine water and potassium iodide solution?
Turns yellow instantly
72
What is the reaction of bromine water and potassium chloride solution?
No reaction
73
What is the reaction of bromine water and potassium bromide solution?
No reaction
74
What is the reaction of bromine water and potassium iodide solution?
Slowly turns yellow
75
What is the reaction of iodine water and potassium chloride solution?
Turns a lighter colour
76
What is the reaction of iodine water and potassium bromide solution?
No reaction
77
What is the reaction of iodine water and potassium iodide solution?
No reaction
78
What is the state fluorine is in at room temperature?
Gas
79
What is the state chlorine is in at room temperature?
Gas
80
What is the state bromine is in at room temperature?
Liquid
81
What is the state iodine is in at room temperature?
Solid
82
What is the trend in melting points and boiling points in halogens?
Increases as you go down
83
How many electrons do the halogens have in the outer shell?
7
84
What is the charge of the ion formed in the Halogens?
-1
85
What is the reactivity trend of the halogens?
The increase as you go up

Chemistry (2 decks)

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