The Periodic Table

Question 1

Where is the atomic mass found for an element?

Answer 1

It is the top number beside the atomic symbol

Question 2

What does the atomic mass show?

Answer 2

The number of protons and neutrons added together

Question 3

What is the atomic symbol?

Answer 3

The symbol of the element

Question 4

Where is the atomic number found for an element?

Answer 4

It is the bottom number beside the atomic symbol

Question 5

What does the atomic number show?

Answer 5

The number of protons, but also the number of electrons in an atom

Question 6

What does the period number show us about the electronic configuration of an element?

Answer 6

The number of shells the atom has

Question 7

What does the group number show us about the electronic configuration of an element?

Answer 7

The number of electrons it has in its’ outer shell

Question 8

Which is which: groups and periods?

Answer 8

Groups are vertical

Periods are horizontal

Question 9

What are properties of metals?

Answer 9

Shiny
high melting points (solid at room temperature- except mercury, which is a liquid)
High density- feel heavy for their size
Malleable (not brittle- so will bend without breaking)
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Magnetic (only iron, cobalt and nickel)
Are basic/ alkaline oxides
Ductile (can be drawn out into a long wire without snapping or breaking)

Question 10

What are properties of non-metals?

Answer 10

Low melting points
Dull - not shiny
Low density (they feel light for their size)
Brittle(will break or shatter when hammered)
Poor conductors of heat and electricity (they are insulators)
Not magnetic
Are acidic oxides

Question 11

Where is the line on the periodic table separating metals and non metals?

Answer 11

Two from the very right,
Two up,
Two across,
One up,
One across,
One up,
One across

Question 12

What are valence electrons?

Answer 12

The electrons in the outer shell

Question 13

What are chemical properties?

Answer 13

A description of how a substance reacts with other substances

Question 14

Why do elements in the same group have similar chemical properties?

Answer 14

They have the same number of valence electrons, therefore will react similarly to get a full outer shell of electrons

Question 15

What are the noble gases?

Answer 15

Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon

Question 16

What group are the Noble gases?

Answer 16

Group 0

Question 17

Are the Noble Gases monatomic or diatomic gases?

Answer 17

Monatomic gases

Question 18

What is meant by monatomic?

Answer 18

Have a full outer shell (except Helium) and hence are highly stable on their own and do not easily react

Question 19

Why are the Noble gases unreactive?

Answer 19

Because they have a full outer shell and therefore do not readily react

Question 20

What is Neon used for?

Answer 20

For glowing, neon signs with orange light

Question 21

What is Argon used for?

Answer 21

For glowing, neon signs with blue/green light

Question 22

What is Helium used for?

Answer 22

For breathing apparators because oxygen can be poisonous by itself, so it has to be mixed

Question 23

What is Krypton used for?

Answer 23

Lights and photographic flash guns

Question 24

What is Xenon used for?

Answer 24

For lights and lasers

Question 25

What is Radon used for?

Answer 25

For cancer therapy

Question 26

Why are noble gases useful?

Answer 26

They are stable and unreactive

Question 27

What are ions?

Answer 27

Charged particles

Question 28

What is the trend of the boiling points of noble gases?

Answer 28

As you go down the group, the boiling point increases

Question 29

What are Group 1 metals also called?

Answer 29

Alkali metals

Question 30

How many electrons do Group 1 metals have in their outer shell?

Answer 30

1

Question 31

What is the product of a metal + water?

Answer 31

Metal hydroxide + hydrogen

Question 32

Are metals found to the right or left of the periodic table?

Answer 32

To the left

Question 33

Do non metal oxides and water react to form acidic or basic solutions?

Answer 33

Acidic (pH lower than 7)

Question 34

Do metal oxides and water react to form acidic or basic solutions?

Answer 34

Basic (pH higher than 7)

Question 35

What is a base?

Answer 35

A substance that can react with acids and neutralise them

Question 36

What is the trend of reactivity in Group 1 metals?

Answer 36

As you go down the group, the metals become more and more reactive

Question 37

Why does the reactivity of Group 1 metals become stronger as you go down the group?

Answer 37

- the atoms get larger as you go down the group - the outer electron gets further from the nucleus as you go down the group so the attraction between the nucleus and outer electron gets weaker as you go down the group - so the electron is more easily lost

Question 38

Why do the Group 1 metals react similarly in water?

Answer 38

Because they all have one electron in their outer shell

Question 39

What are the halogens?

Answer 39

Fluorine, Bromine, Iodine, Chlorine

Question 40

What is the physical state of Fluorine at room temperature?

Answer 40

Gas

Question 41

What is the physical state of Bromine at room temperature?

Answer 41

Liquid

Question 42

What is the physical state of Iodine at room temperature?

Answer 42

Solid

Question 43

What is the physical state of Chlorine at room temperature?

Answer 43

Gas

Question 44

What is the colour of Fluorine?

Answer 44

Yellow

Question 45

What is the colour of Bromine?

Answer 45

Red-brown

Question 46

What is the colour of Iodine?

Answer 46

Silver, grey

Question 47

What is the colour of Chlorine?

Answer 47

Greenish yellow

Question 48

What group are the halogens?

Answer 48

Group 7

Question 49

What are trends in physical properties in halogens?

Answer 49

As you go down the group, the states go from gas to liquid to solid The boiling points increase as you go down the group

Question 50

What is the trend in colour in the halogens?

Answer 50

As you go down the group, they become darker

Question 51

Are halogens metals or non metals?

Answer 51

Non-metals

Question 52

Are the halogens monatomic or diatomic?

Answer 52

Diatomic - they are made up of pairs of molecules

Question 53

What are displacement reactions in halogens?

Answer 53

- the more reactive halogen will replace the less reactive halogen in a reaction - the metal in the reaction will stay the same - e.g chlorine + potassium bromide ➡️ potassium chloride + bromine - this can show us which halogen in a reaction is more reactive

Question 54

What happens to iodine when it is heated?

Answer 54

It turns into a purple gas

Question 55

What is the trend of reactivity in halogens?

Answer 55

As you go down the group, the halogens become less reactive

Question 56

What is the equation for when halogens and metals react?

Answer 56

Metal + halogen ➡️ metal halide

Question 57

What are the metals between groups 2 and 3 called?

Answer 57

Transition metals

Question 58

Why are group 1 metals unusual?

Answer 58

They have low melting points

Question 59

What gas is produced when group 1 metals react with water?

Answer 59

Hydrogen

Question 60

How do we test for hydrogen?

Answer 60

a lighted spill will be put out with a squeaky pop if there is hydrogen

Question 61

When group 1 elements react with water, is the solution acidic or alkaline?

Answer 61

Alkaline

Question 62

What are two properties of the Noble gases?

Answer 62

They are colourless and odourless

Question 63

What are unusual properties of alkali metals?

Answer 63

- low melting/boiling points - very soft and can be easily cut - very low densities

Question 64

Describe the reactions of the Group 1 metals (Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rhubidium and Cesium) with water

Answer 64

Lithium - floats on water surface (floats) fizzes then disappears Sodium- floats on water surface (floats), fizzes, melts into a ball because of the heat given out by the reaction Potassium- lilac flame, fizzes on water surface (floats) Rubidium- explodes, very reactive Cesium- huge explosion, very reactive

Question 65

What does period number show?

Answer 65

Number of electron rings in an element

Question 66

What does group number show?

Answer 66

Number of electrons in the outermost electron shell

Question 67

Metals vs non metals: reaction with acids

Answer 67

Many metals react with acids, whereas non metals do not

Question 68

Metals vs non metals: type of oxides

Answer 68

Metals have basic oxides (a few are amphoteric), whereas non metals have acidic oxides (some are neutral)