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LSS_Abdomen > The peritoneum - ANATOMY > Flashcards

The peritoneum - ANATOMY Flashcards

1
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

Inner lining of the abdominal caviity, containing a single continuous cell layer - squamous

Mesothelium

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2
Q

What is the difference between the peritoneal and abdominal cavity?

A

Peritoneal is contained in the peritoneum and

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3
Q

What is contained in the peritoneal cavity? What is it analogous to?

A

Peritoneal fluid

  • Potential space
    • Cavity

Organs are contained . in peritoneal reflections
- Mesenteries

Analogous to pleural cavity, where the lungs are suspended.

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4
Q

What does the GI tract consist of? What are the three regions?

A

Mouth and pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach

Duodenum
Jejunum, Ilium
Caecum, large intestine

Sigmoid colon, rectum and anus

Thoracic, ? and pelvic respectively

Middle region can be palpated

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5
Q

Embryologically, when does the gut tube develop?

A

4th week of life

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6
Q

How does the gut develop?

A

Mesoderm and endoderm invaginate, leading to the formation of the gut tube

It is suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by a peritoneal fold
- dorsal mesentery

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7
Q

What are mesenteries?

A

Folds in the peritoneum that attach viscera to the abdominal wall

Conduit for the vessels , nerves and lymphatics.

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8
Q

Define splanchnic

A

Something that pertains to an organ and does not ‘stick’ to a wall - check

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9
Q

What are the types of peritoneum?

A

Visceral
- Peritoneum that covers suspended organs

Parietal
- Lining the abdominal wall

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10
Q

What are the types of structure with respect to relationship with peritoneum?

A

INTRAparietal

  • suspended from abdominal wall by mesenteries - in peritoneal cavity
  • Small intestine

RETROparietal

  • lies between parietal peritoneum and abdominal wall
  • posterior abdominal wall
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11
Q

Give some examples of retroperitoneal organs

A

Kidneys, vessels, oesophagus, rectum, nerves

Duodenum
Pancreas
Colon
- intraparietal but then became retro as the mesenteries fused w body wall

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12
Q

How is the GI tract divided?

A

Foregut
- Distal 1/3 of oesophagus to the 2nd part of duodenum - bile duct

Midgut
- 2nd part of the duodenum to 2/3 along transverse colon

Hindgut
- Distal third of transverse colon to rectum

They all have different blood supplies and different nervous systems

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13
Q

How is the gut tube supported?

A

Dorsal mesentery

BUT, foregut has a ventral mesentery - contains pancreas, liver etc

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14
Q

What are the two sacs?

How is the lesser formed?

A

Lesser

  • Omental bursa
  • Contains liver and stomach only
  • Formed when liver moves to the right, and mesentery and spleen move left forming a cavity to the posterior side
  • Situated in space posterior to between stomach and liver

Greater

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15
Q

What is the greater omentum? How does it communicate with the lesser sac?

A

Apron that extends anterior to intestine, communicates with lesser sac via epiploic foramen

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16
Q

Which structures run through the lesser omentum?

A

HPV, hepatic artery and bile duct

Between liver and posterior abdominal wall

The free section is present due to the ending of the ventral mesentery

17
Q

What are the peritoneal compartments?

A

Supracolic compartment

Transverse colon mesentery - marks junction for supra or infra colic compartments

Infracolic compartment

Left and right paracolic gutter - for asc and desc large intestine

Small intestine mesentery

18
Q

How does fluid move in the peritoneum? What is the importance?

A

Upwards, towards underside of diaphragm

If cancer of the colon, and some cells are discarded, can move up and cause metastasis

19
Q

How about inflammatory exudate?

A

Towards pelvis

20
Q

What is the ‘general plan’ of the GI tract?

A

In to out
All muscles in GI are SMOOTH

Mucosa 
- has muscularis mucosae
   - for mucus movement
Submucosa
Muscularis
- inner circular
- outer longitudinal
Serosa
Mesentery
21
Q

How does the oesophagus enter the abdomen?

A

Pierces diaphragm at T10

  • muscular part
    • this contributes to LOWER OESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER
    • prevents food from going back up
22
Q

Summarise the structure of the stomach

A

Top to bottom

Fundus
Body
Pyloric antrum
Pyloric canal

(Clinical note – on chest x-rays be aware that you can often see a gas bubble in the fundus of the stomach lying directly beneath diaphragm. Do not confuse this air bubble with air in the peritoneum, say from an intestinal perforation.)

23
Q

Outline the structure of the small intestine

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

24
Q

Outline the structure of the duodenum

A

Duodenal cap - superior
Major duodenal papilla - descending - pancreatic . duct
Inferior
Ascending

MOSTLY RETROPERITONEAL

25
Q

Outline the structure of the jejunum and ileum

A

Proximal and distal parts respectively

J is larger
J has LESS prominent arterial arcades
J has longer vasa recta

26
Q

What does the large intestine consist of? What distinguishes it from the small intestine?

A 
Caecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon

Fatty tags
Ribbons of longitudinal muscles

27
Q

WHich arteries supply the gut?

A

Arise from the aorta

Foregut - liver, pancrease and spleen
- COELIAC TRUNK

Midgut
- SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY

Hindgut
- INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY

28
Q

What are the branches of the coeliac trunk?

A

Left gastric
Common hepatic
Gastroduodenal
Splenic

29
Q

What are the branches of the superior mesenteric artery?

A

Middle, right, ileo
-colic arteries

Jejunal and Ileal
arteries

30
Q

What are the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?

A

Left colic
Superior rectal
Sigmoid

Anastomosis occurs here where we have switching from superior to inferior arteries

31
Q

Describe venous drainage of the abdomen and how they lead to portal vein

A

Splenic vein
Portal vein
Inferior mesenteric
Superior mesenteric

Inferior goes into splenic, goes into superior mesenteric, becomes portal

32
Q

What are porto-systemic anastomoses?

A

When blockage occurs and leads to venous dilation.

33
Q

How is the gut innervated?

A

Viscera

  • AUTONOMIC
    • Parasympathetic sensory regulates reflec gut function
      • Vagus nerve
      • Pelvic splanchnic nerve
  • Sympathetic PAIN
    • Thoracic and lumbar splanchnic

LSS_Abdomen (16 decks)

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