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Fall 2014 - OB II > The Placenta ✔️ > Flashcards

The Placenta ✔️ Flashcards

(44 cards)

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0
Q

what are the septations from decidua grow between creating lobules

A

cotyledons

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1
Q

what is the fundamental unit of the placenta

A

chorionic villi

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2
Q

placenta is an __________ gland

A

endocrine

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3
Q

what are the 6 major roles of the placenta

A 
respiration
nutrition
excretion
protection
storage
hormonal production
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4
Q

define respiration

A

exchange maternal oxygenated blood with fetal deoxygenated blood

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5
Q

define nutrition

A

carries nutrients from mother to baby

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6
Q

define excretion

A

carries wastes from baby to mother

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7
Q

define protection

A

protects baby from some microorganisms from mother

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8
Q

define storage

A

stores carbs, proteins, calcium, iron

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9
Q

define hormonal production

A

hCG, estrogen, progesterone

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10
Q

what are the parts of the fetal chorion

A

chorion frondosum
chorion laeve
chorionic plate
basal plate

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11
Q

define chorion frondosum

A

fetal part of the placenta-chorionic villi

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12
Q

define laeve

A

nonvillious part of chorion around the GS

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13
Q

define chorionic plate

A

fetal surface of placenta

  • umbilical cord attached to this surface
  • formed by amniochorionic membrane
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14
Q

define basal plate

A

maternal surface of placenta

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15
Q

describe placenta

A 
indentified as early as 8 wks
normal thickness 2-5 cm
max thickness should nt exceed 5 cm
develops where implantation occurs
grows more rapidly before 20 wks
location described as position on uterine wall
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16
Q

types of placenta position

A 
posterior
anterior
rt lateral
lt lateral
fundal
combination
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17
Q

describe cord insertion

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A

usually near center of placenta

types of insertions: battledore placenta, velamentous placenta, vasa previa

best to use color doppler to accurately identify placental cord insertion

18
Q

describe battledore placenta

Study These Flashcards
A

cord insertion within 10 mm of placental edge - usually no clinical significance

also called marginal

19
Q

define velamentous placenta

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A

cord insertion on the placental membranes

may be associated with significant fetal hemorrhage

20
Q

define vasa previa

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A

cord insertion on placental membranes which lie across the internal os

associated with velamentous cord insertion, previa, multiple gestation

symptoms: vagianl bleeding, fetal heart decelerates

21
Q

BE SURE TO REVIEW POWERPOINT TO SEE IMAGE EXAMPLES

Study These Flashcards
A

BE SURE TO REVIEW POWERPOINT TO SEE IMAGE EXAMPLES

22
Q

describe braxton-hicks contractions

Study These Flashcards
A

may distort uterine contour

should rescan in 15-20 mins

23
Q

describe placenta previa

Study These Flashcards
A

PAINLESS bleeding

need to scan LUS to show internal os

types are complete, partial, marginal/low lying

vasa previa

24
define complete placenta previa
placenta completely covers internal os
25
define partial placenta previa
on one side of internal os covered by placenta
26
define marginal or low lying placenta previa
placenta tip within 2 cm of internal os does not cover any portion of os
27
define placenta accreta
chorionic villi attach superfically to the myometrium increase risk with previa and previous c-section
28
define placenta increta
further invasion of chorionic villi deep into the myometrium 10-25% risk in women with previous c-section if placenta implants over scar
29
define placenta percreta
penetration of chorionic villi through the uterus
30
define succenturiate placenta
one or more accessory lobes connected to the body of the placenta vessels 3-6% of pregnancies **MUST visualize velamentous insertion of cord between main and accessory lobe higher incidence of placental infarction
31
3 zones of evaluation of placental grading
1. basal layer 2. placental tissue 3. chorionic layer
32
describe placenta grading descriptions from grade 0 to grade III
grade 0 - smooth chorionic plate, homogenous echotexture, 8-20 wks, indistinguishable basal plate grade I - small intraplacental calcifications, 14-34 wks, indistinguishable basal plate grade II - calcification of basal plate, "dot-dash" pattern along basal plate indentations of chorionic plate, 30+ wks, all 3 zones are affected grade III - calcified indentation of placenta extending from basal to chorionic plate (cotyledons), 35+ wks, caused from smoking, IUGR, chronic HTN, DM
33
define placenta extrachorialis
chorionic plate is smaller than basal plate may be associated with bleeding/pre-term labor circummarginate & circumvallate
34
describe placenta extrachorialis circummarginate
not detected sonographically placenta remains flat
35
describe placenta extrachorialis circmvallate
placenta edge appears folded/curled
36
describe placenta abruption
premature placenta detachment vaginal bleeding, pain, fetal distress or demise marginal or retroplacental
37
describe marginal placenta
MOST COMMON results from tears of marginal veins LOW PRESSURE BLEED associated with cigarette smoking causes little placental detachment location - retroplacental or marginal
38
describe retroplacental abruption
results from rupture of spiral arteries HIGH PRESSURE BLEED associated with htn, diabetes, previous abruption, drugs, *trauma*, hx of placenta previa **patients have no visible bleeding outcome depends on size acute - hyperechoic / 3-7 days isoechoic / 1-2 wks hypoechoic
39
describe placenta infarction
ischemic necrosis common 25% of pregnancies
40
describe placenta tumors
MOLAR PREGNANCIES benign or malignant complete or partial clinical symptoms - N&V, vaginal bleeding, higher hCG, uterus large for dates 12-15% develop malignant (choriocarcinoma)
41
describe chorioangioma
benign vascular tumor of the placenta secondary to trophoblastic disease MOST COMMON tumor of the placenta fetal complications - polyhydramnios, anemia, cardiomegaly, IUGR, demise, pre-term labor
42
placentas with multiple pregnancies: describe dizygotic (fraternal twins)
diamniotic/dichorionic - 2 placentas 2 sacs - thick membrane
43
placentas with multiple pregnancies: describe monozygotic (identical twins)
diamniotic/dichorionic - 2 placentas (peak sign), 2 sacs - thick membrane diamniotic/monochorionic - 1 placenta, 2 sacs - thin membrane monoamniotic/monochorionic - 1 placenta, 1 sac

Fall 2014 - OB II (12 decks)

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