Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fall 2014 - OB II > The Placenta ✔️ > Flashcards

The Placenta ✔️ Flashcards

0
Q

what are the septations from decidua grow between creating lobules

A

cotyledons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

what is the fundamental unit of the placenta

A

chorionic villi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

placenta is an __________ gland

A

endocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the 6 major roles of the placenta

A 
respiration
nutrition
excretion
protection
storage
hormonal production
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

define respiration

A

exchange maternal oxygenated blood with fetal deoxygenated blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

define nutrition

A

carries nutrients from mother to baby

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

define excretion

A

carries wastes from baby to mother

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

define protection

A

protects baby from some microorganisms from mother

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

define storage

A

stores carbs, proteins, calcium, iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

define hormonal production

A

hCG, estrogen, progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the parts of the fetal chorion

A

chorion frondosum
chorion laeve
chorionic plate
basal plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

define chorion frondosum

A

fetal part of the placenta-chorionic villi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

define laeve

A

nonvillious part of chorion around the GS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

define chorionic plate

A

fetal surface of placenta

  • umbilical cord attached to this surface
  • formed by amniochorionic membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

define basal plate

A

maternal surface of placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

describe placenta

A 
indentified as early as 8 wks
normal thickness 2-5 cm
max thickness should nt exceed 5 cm
develops where implantation occurs
grows more rapidly before 20 wks
location described as position on uterine wall
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

types of placenta position

A 
posterior
anterior
rt lateral
lt lateral
fundal
combination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

describe cord insertion

A

usually near center of placenta

types of insertions: battledore placenta, velamentous placenta, vasa previa

best to use color doppler to accurately identify placental cord insertion

18
Q

describe battledore placenta

A

cord insertion within 10 mm of placental edge - usually no clinical significance

also called marginal

19
Q

define velamentous placenta

A

cord insertion on the placental membranes

may be associated with significant fetal hemorrhage

20
Q

define vasa previa

A

cord insertion on placental membranes which lie across the internal os

associated with velamentous cord insertion, previa, multiple gestation

symptoms: vagianl bleeding, fetal heart decelerates

21
Q

BE SURE TO REVIEW POWERPOINT TO SEE IMAGE EXAMPLES

A

BE SURE TO REVIEW POWERPOINT TO SEE IMAGE EXAMPLES

22
Q

describe braxton-hicks contractions

A

may distort uterine contour

should rescan in 15-20 mins

23
Q

describe placenta previa

A

PAINLESS bleeding

need to scan LUS to show internal os

types are complete, partial, marginal/low lying

vasa previa

24
Q

define complete placenta previa

A

placenta completely covers internal os

25
Q

define partial placenta previa

A

on one side of internal os covered by placenta

26
Q

define marginal or low lying placenta previa

A

placenta tip within 2 cm of internal os

does not cover any portion of os

27
Q

define placenta accreta

A

chorionic villi attach superfically to the myometrium

increase risk with previa and previous c-section

28
Q

define placenta increta

A

further invasion of chorionic villi deep into the myometrium

10-25% risk in women with previous c-section if placenta implants over scar

29
Q

define placenta percreta

A

penetration of chorionic villi through the uterus

30
Q

define succenturiate placenta

A

one or more accessory lobes connected to the body of the placenta vessels

3-6% of pregnancies

**MUST visualize velamentous insertion of cord between main and accessory lobe

higher incidence of placental infarction

31
Q

3 zones of evaluation of placental grading

A
  1. basal layer
  2. placental tissue
  3. chorionic layer
32
Q

describe placenta grading descriptions from grade 0 to grade III

A

grade 0 - smooth chorionic plate, homogenous echotexture, 8-20 wks, indistinguishable basal plate

grade I - small intraplacental calcifications, 14-34 wks, indistinguishable basal plate

grade II - calcification of basal plate, “dot-dash” pattern along basal plate indentations of chorionic plate, 30+ wks, all 3 zones are affected

grade III - calcified indentation of placenta extending from basal to chorionic plate (cotyledons), 35+ wks, caused from smoking, IUGR, chronic HTN, DM

33
Q

define placenta extrachorialis

A

chorionic plate is smaller than basal plate

may be associated with bleeding/pre-term labor

circummarginate & circumvallate

34
Q

describe placenta extrachorialis circummarginate

A

not detected sonographically

placenta remains flat

35
Q

describe placenta extrachorialis circmvallate

A

placenta edge appears folded/curled

36
Q

describe placenta abruption

A

premature placenta detachment

vaginal bleeding, pain, fetal distress or demise

marginal or retroplacental

37
Q

describe marginal placenta

A

MOST COMMON

results from tears of marginal veins

LOW PRESSURE BLEED

associated with cigarette smoking

causes little placental detachment

location - retroplacental or marginal

38
Q

describe retroplacental abruption

A

results from rupture of spiral arteries

HIGH PRESSURE BLEED

associated with htn, diabetes, previous abruption, drugs, trauma, hx of placenta previa

**patients have no visible bleeding

outcome depends on size

acute - hyperechoic / 3-7 days isoechoic / 1-2 wks hypoechoic

39
Q

describe placenta infarction

A

ischemic necrosis

common

25% of pregnancies

40
Q

describe placenta tumors

A

MOLAR PREGNANCIES

benign or malignant
complete or partial

clinical symptoms - N&V, vaginal bleeding, higher hCG, uterus large for dates

12-15% develop malignant (choriocarcinoma)

41
Q

describe chorioangioma

A

benign vascular tumor of the placenta

secondary to trophoblastic disease

MOST COMMON tumor of the placenta

fetal complications - polyhydramnios, anemia, cardiomegaly, IUGR, demise, pre-term labor

42
Q

placentas with multiple pregnancies:

describe dizygotic (fraternal twins)

A

diamniotic/dichorionic - 2 placentas

2 sacs - thick membrane

43
Q

placentas with multiple pregnancies:

describe monozygotic (identical twins)

A

diamniotic/dichorionic - 2 placentas (peak sign), 2 sacs - thick membrane

diamniotic/monochorionic - 1 placenta, 2 sacs - thin membrane

monoamniotic/monochorionic - 1 placenta, 1 sac

Fall 2014 - OB II (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions