The Placenta

Question 1

Anatomic components of the placenta are seen from?

Answer 1

7th - 8th week gestation

Question 2

Chorion, Amnion, Yolk sac and allantois constitute?

Answer 2

The embryonic or fetal membranes

Question 3

The Chorion, Amnion, Yolk sac and allantois develop from?

Answer 3

The Zygote

Question 4

Implantation of the blastocyst occurs ______days after fertilization

Answer 4

6 - 7

Question 5

What are the two components of the placenta?

Answer 5

Maternal and fetal portion

Question 6

The fetal portion of the placenta develops from?

Answer 6

The Chorion Frondosum

Question 7

The maternal portion of the placenta develops from the _________ _______ formed at the endometrial surface?

Answer 7

decidua basalis

Question 8

The major unit of the placenta is?

Answer 8

The Chorionic Villus

Question 9

Within the chorionic villus are the?

Answer 9

Intervillous spaces

Question 10

The maternal blood enters the ___________

Answer 10

Intervillous spaces

Question 11

The maternal surface of the placenta is termed?

Answer 11

The Basal plate

Question 12

The fetal surface of the placenta is termed?

Answer 12

The Chorionic plate

Question 13

What are the functions of the placenta?

Answer 13

Protection
Nutrition
Respiration
Excretion

Question 14

Fetal umbilical circulation originates with deoxygenated blood pumped by the ____________ through the __________ and into the ___________

Answer 14

fetal heart, Ductus arteriosus, descending Aorta

Question 15

Umbilical arteries divide within the placenta into the multiple _______

Answer 15

tiny capillaries

Question 16

Fetal placenta is anchored by the ____________ and __________

Answer 16

Cytotrophoblastic shell, anchoring villi

Question 17

Cordal attachments are usually near the _____________

Answer 17

center of the placenta

Question 18

As the embryo and membranes grow, the decidua capsularis is _______

Answer 18

stretched

Question 19

Cord attaches at the margin of the placenta

Answer 19

Battledore placenta

Question 20

Membranous insertion of the cord

Answer 20

Velamentous placenta

Question 21

The umbilical cord has ______ arteries and _______ veins

Answer 21

2 arteries , 1 vein

Question 22

The placenta normally implants on the _________, ________ or __________ wall of the uterus

Answer 22

anterior, fundal, posterior

Question 23

Placenta covers the internal cervical os

Answer 23

Placenta previa

Question 24

Placenta covers part of the internal cervical os

Answer 24

Partial placenta previa

Question 25

Placenta does not cover the internal cervical os. Distance from the internal cervical os is at least 2 or <2cm

Answer 25

Low lying placenta

Question 26

What are the fetal membranes?

Answer 26

Chorion, Amnion, Allantois, Yolk sac

Question 27

The amnion fuses with the chorion and can no longer be seen on ultrasound as two separate membranes by_________

Answer 27

16 weeks

Question 28

Separation beyond 16 weeks may be associated with_____________ or prior ____________

Answer 28

polyhydramnios, amniocentesis

Question 29

Most of the amniotic fluid comes from the ____________

Answer 29

maternal blood

Question 30

In the_______ trimester the fetus begins to excrete urine into the sac to fill the amniotic cavity

Answer 30

first

Question 31

The amniotic cavity filled with urine serves as?

Answer 31

A protective buffer for the embryo and fetus

Question 32

The amniotic cavity filled with urine provides what?

Answer 32

Provides room for fetal movements to occur

Question 33

What are the functional endocrine units of the placenta?

Answer 33

Chorionic villi

Question 34

The placenta has how many layers?

Answer 34

Two

Question 35

The inner layer of the placenta is called?

Answer 35

Cytotrophoblast

Question 36

The inner layer of the placenta ''Cytotrophoblast'' produces?

Answer 36

Neuropeptides

Question 37

The outer layer of the placenta is called?

Answer 37

Syncytiotrophoblast

Question 38

The outer layer of the placenta ''Syncytiotrophoblast'' produces?

Answer 38

- hCG - Placental lactogen (hPL) - Estrogen - Progesteronen

Question 39

What does hCG do?

Answer 39

It maintains the Corpus Luteum in early pregnancy

Question 40

hCG peaks at?

Answer 40

8 - 10 weeks

Question 41

Placental lactogen (hPL) is responsible for?

Answer 41

The promotion of lipolysis and an anti-insulin action that serves to direct nutrients to the fetus.

Question 42

The fetal surface of the placenta (echogenic chorionic plate) is found?

Answer 42

At the junction with the amniotic fluid

Question 43

The maternal portion of the placenta (basal plate) lies where?

Answer 43

At the junction of the myometrium and the substance of the placenta

Question 44

The placenta is seen as early as__________

Answer 44

8 menstrual weeks

Question 45

The placenta has midlevel gray appearance between _________

Answer 45

8 - 20 weeks

Question 46

Diameter of the placenta is less than __________ in fetuses greater than ________

Answer 46

2 - 3cm , 23 weeks

Question 47

After ___________ gestation the intraplacental sonolucencies and placental calcification may begin to appear.

Answer 47

20 weeks

Question 48

An enlarged placenta may be associated with______________, ___________ and _____________

Answer 48

- Rh sensitization - Gestational diabetes - Congenital anomalies

Question 49

Sonolucent regions may be seen within the placental substance in the center of the placental lobes known as____________

Answer 49

Placental lakes

Question 50

This can mimic placental pathology and may distort the uterine contour

Answer 50

Braxton hicks contractions

Question 51

What are the specific names to describe the point of origin of the placenta?

Answer 51

- Fundal anterior placenta - Fundal posterior placenta - Circumferential placenta

Question 52

A succenturiate placenta should be considered when?

Answer 52

Both anterior and posterior placenta are identified and the placenta does not appear to communicate.

Question 53

The position of the placenta appears to change due to the enlargement of the uterus during pregnancy

Answer 53

Placental migration

Question 54

What doppler pattern is seen on the side of the placenta?

Answer 54

Low resistance Doppler pattern