Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Module 20: Global Vet Med > The Plagues: Notifiable Ruminant Diseases > Flashcards

The Plagues: Notifiable Ruminant Diseases Flashcards

(77 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what are the notifiable plagues of ruminants

A

sheep pox and goat pox

contagious bovine pleuropneumonia

rinderpest

peste des petits ruminants (PPR)

foot and mouth disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the virus of sheep and goat pox

A

capripox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where is sheep and goat pox distributed

A

north africa

asia

southern europe

mediterranean basin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the incubation period of sheep and goat pox

A

4-7d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the morbidity and mortality of sheep and goat pox

A

Mortality:

10-80% (naive, sudden death)

Morbidity:

10-100% (naive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

is there a vaccine for sheep and goat pox

A

yes live attenuated <2 years immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the clinical signs of sheep and goat pox

A

Fever

Oculo-nasal discharge

Cutaneous pox lesions

Scabs

Oral lesions

Death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the post mortem lesions of sheep and goat pox

A

Typical pox lesions

“Sitfasts”

Visceral pocks in lung (liver, kidney)

Secondary pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how is sheep and goat pox transmitted

A

Direct — aersols from early clinical cases (ulcerated oral papules)

Abrasions

Indirect:

Fodder, bedding, wool, fomites, insects

No carriers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the key epidemiological features of the plagues or contgions

A

Disease free areas — agent intrusion

Sporadic epidemics: high morbidity +/- high mortality

  • Imported diseased animal
  • Smuggling infected live animals or animal products
  • Loss of border controls (war, strife, civil breakdown)
  • Nomads (traditional) (drought, flooding, strife)
  • Carrier animals
  • Wild animals

Mechanical spread

  • Fomites
  • insects
  • animals
  • Birds
  • Aerosol spread

Establishment of infection in new areas:

  • Failure of control procedures
  • Poverty
  • New strain of agent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what type of disease does contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) cause

A

slowly progressive, often fatal, proliferative interstitial pneumonia of cattle caused by mycoplasma mycoides mycoides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what causes contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP)

A

mycoplasma mycoides mycoides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where is contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) distributed

A

sub sarahan africa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what species does contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) affect

A

cattle (buffalo)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the incubation period of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP)

A

3-6 weeks

occ 6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the morbidity and mortality of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP)

A

morbidity <90% in susceptible herds

mortality 50% of clinical cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the clinical signs in adults of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP)

A

Proliferative interstitial pneumonia

Hyper-acute

  • Death by asphyxiation

Acute

  • Pyrexia
  • Coughing
  • Respiratory distress
  • Thoracic pain — arched back, head stretched forward
  • Death

Chronic

  • Slowly progressive pneumonia signs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the clinical signs of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in calves

A

Polyarthritis not pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the post mortem findings of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP)

A

Usually one lung affected

Interstitial pneumonia, lung ‘hepatisation’

  • Pathologic alteration of lung tissue such that it resembles liver tissue

Pleurisy, thoracic edema <30 liters

Sequestrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how is contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) transmitted

A

Excretion early in disease

Direct

  • Aersols
  • Droplets

Indirect

  • Urine, placental fluids

Sequestrum breakdown (stress, immunosuppression) <2 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

is there a vaccine for CBPP

A

yes

6 month immunity

injection rxns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what causes rinderpest (cattle plague)

A

morbillivirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

where is rinderpest distributed

A

last reported in east africa, pakistan

oct 2010 it was eradicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what species does rinderpest affect

A

Cattle, buffalo, even-toed ungulates, pigs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
how is rinderpest transmitted
By direct contact with a sick animal or its excretions (10 days) Possibly indirect though meat (rare)
26
is there a rinderpest vaccine
yes very effective
27
what is the incubation period of rinderpest
3-15 days
28
what are the clinical signs of rinderpest
Oculo-nasal discharge (‘weeping cattle’) Erosion and necrosis of buccal mucosa Foetid breath, dysentery Rapid wasting, death
29
what is the mortality and morbidity of rinderpest
Mortality: \<100% Morbidity: \<100%
30
what are PM lesions in rinderpest
Erosions in mouth, nasal cavity, esophagus Intestinal hemorrhages ‘zebra striped colon’
31
what is the cause of peste des petit-ruminants (PPR)
morbillivirus
32
where is peste des petit-ruminants (PPR) distributed
africa middle east s india asia
33
what are the species affected by peste des petit-ruminants (PPR)
goats and sheep
34
what are the clinical signs of peste des petit-ruminants (PPR)
Sudden death to chronic disease Oculo-nasal discharge Oral erosions Hair stands erect Enteritis Broncho-pneumonia Panting Diarrhea Death Chronic * Recurring erosions * Intermittent fever * Catarrh & diarrhea (sheep in Africa, goats in India)
35
how is peste des petit-ruminants (PPR) transmitted
direct contact with a sick animal or its excretions
36
what is the mortality and morbidity of peste des petit-ruminants (PPR)
Mortality: \<100% Morbidity: \<100%
37
what are the PM findings of PPR
Dehydrated carcass Necrotic stomatitis Purulent pneumonia Zebra stripes in colon
38
is there a vaccine for PPR
yes attenutated live or modified in cell culture
39
why is PPR eradication a possibility
One serotype No carrier state No sustainable wildlife reservoir Effective diagnostic tools Effective vaccines
40
what causes foot and mouth disease
Picornavirdae Aphthovirus
41
what does foot and mouth disease affect
all cloven hoofed animals
42
where is foot and mouth disease endemic
africa asia middle east south america
43
how many serotypes are there of foot and mouth disease and is there cross protection
7 no cross protection
44
who are the carriers of foot and mouth disease
Convalescent ruminants Some vaccinates Wild animals Hedgehogs Rodents Birds
45
where does the primary replication phase occur in foot and mouth disease
2-3 d pharyngeal area virus enters bloodstream and seeds target tissue
46
where does the secondary replication phase of foot and mouth disease occur
4-5d ## Footnote Epithelium (mouth, feet, udder) Muscles (heart), organs (lungs, kidneys, bowel) Glands (thyroid, lymph)
47
how long does healing and recovery take for foot and mouth disease
\<6 months secondary infections carriers
48
what are the clinical signs of foot and mouth disease
Anorexia Pyrexia 41ºC Dullness Reduced milk yield Death in youngstock Abortion Vesicles (blisters) Salivation Lameness
49
where do the vesicles of foot and mouth disease occur
Mouth * Tongue, lips, gums, dental pad Feet * Interdigital space * Coronary band Udder Snout
50
what are the ddx for oral lesions in cattle
al lesions: Vesicular stomatitis Bluetongue Rinderpest Mucosal disease IBR Malignant catarrhal fever Necrotic stomatitis Bovine papular stomatitis Trauma or irritates
51
what are the ddx for teat lesions
Cow pox Pseudo-cowpox Bovine herpes mammillitis Bluetongue
52
what are the ddx for foot and mouth in pigs
Swine vesicular disease Vesicular exanthema Enterotoxemia Encephalomyocarditis virus Abortion agents
53
what are the ddx for foot and mouth disease in sheep
Bluetongue Foot rot Orf Enterotoxemia Abortion agent
54
how is foot and mouth disease diagnosed
Virus — vesicular material * PCR * ELISA * Cell culture (bovine thyroid, BHK) * CFT Antibody — serum * ELISA * Virus neutralization test
55
how is foot and mouth disease transmitted
Inhalation or ingestion Highly contagious Highly infectious
56
how does the foot and mouth virus survive
Virus survival is high in moist, cool conditions The farm environment rapidly becomes heavily contaminated with the virus
57
what are the methods of spread of foot and mouth disease
Infected animals Fomites Infected animal products Airborne Carriers
58
what is the incubaiton period of foot and mouth disease
2-14 days
59
who are the carriers of foot and mouth disease
Convalescent ruminants Some vaccinated ruminants \<9 months sheep \<3 years cattle \<5 years African buffalo
60
are there effective vaccines for foot and mouth disease
Effective vaccines Vaccine delivery needs cold chain Identification of vaccinated animals * Vaccinate and slaughter * Vaccinate to live
61
what are the key epidemiological features of foot and mouth disease
1. Seven serotypes 2. Stable in cool, damp, medium pH 3. Multiplication is extremely rapid 4. Highly contagious and highly infectious 5. Carriers exist 6. Effective vaccines available
62
who are the virus procuders of foot and mouth disease
pigs
63
who are the virus indicators of foot and mouth disease
cattle
64
who are the virus carriers of foot and motuh disease
sheep inapparent infection
65
what are the prevention and control strategies of foot and mouth disease
Prevent introduction to country * Import controls on live animals * Import controls on animal products * Monitor neighbouring countries Prevent infection of livestock * Post import check of live animals * Swill feeding strictly controlled/banned * Continuous surveillance Prevent spread from infected animals * Notification * Movement controls and ‘stamping-out’
66
how do you notifiy foot and mouth disease if you suspect it
Veterinary surgeon or farmer must notify Police or Animal & Plant Health Agency (APHA) who initiate an immediate investigation Vet stays on farm — consultation case with APHA veterinary officer Vet leaves farm — report case — automatic farm standstill, police involved
67
if the veterinary official suspects foot and mouth disease what happens
Suspect premises defined and restricted, isolates all livestock, controls movement of people and all things Temporary control zone \<10km stock standstill around the suspect premises Samples sent to FMD World Reference Laboratory * Initial ELISA result in 4 hours * Negative — restrictions lifted * Positive — ‘stamping out’ policy implemented
68
what is the stamping out policy of foot and mouth disease
**National animal movement restrictions** **Exports of animals and products suspended** **Infected premises (IP) procedures:** * Livestock valuation, slaughter, disposal, cleansing and disinfection **3km protection zone (PZ):** * Total agriculture standstill, intensive veterinary surveillance on all farms **10km surveillance zone (SZ):** * Ban on countryside activities, targeted surveillance Controlled zones beyond 10km National and local disease control centres established
69
what is the national disease control centre (NDCC) and what do they do in a suspected foot and mouth disease case
CVO in charge Suspend exports Implements national contingency plan Monitors national disease control procedures Assesses and changes control procedures Informs minister/cabinet on epidemic progress Informs EU and OIE of epidemic progress Implements post-epidemic protocols
70
what is the local disease control centre role in a suspected case of foot and mouth disease
Slaughter and disposal of livestock on IPs Cleansing and disinfection of IP Tracings — contact animals (slaughter or isolation) * Persons, vehicles * Tracings ‘windows’ Epidemiological investigation Veterinary surveillance — PZ & SZ, DCs, LLUs Standstill implementation (3km PZ & 10km SZ) Movements to abattoir, grazing etc — only by license Post-epidemic surveillance in PZ and SZ Restocking IPs — sentinels
71
what is the 3km protection zone in a foot and mouth disease case
Ban on agriculture movements Biosecurity encouraged/enforced Movement restrictions on all farms Daily vet visits to premises contiguous to IP Stock on all farms mapped Milk code implemented
72
what is the 10km surveillance zone of foot and mouth disease
Ban on agriculture movements Ban on countryside activities Large livestock units restricted and subjected to daily vet visits (7 days) Milk code implemented All farms contacted Biosecurity encouraged
73
what is the milk code for foot and mouth disease
Virus filters fitted to milk tankers Drivers, tankers must clean and disinfect on/off farms and processing plant/dairy Milk pasteurization Tanker routes approved and monitored
74
how are the protection and surveillence zones implemented
by police APHA
75
what is teh FMD virus plume modelling
viral output * species affected * number affected * age lesions Meteorology * wind speed and direction * relative humidity * cloud cover * precipitation * topography prediction model * met officer computer * viral plumes 10km grid * risk assessment
76
summarize the principles and eradication of FMD
Stock standstill * Infected premises * Neighbouring farms * Surrounding areas Movement controls on * Livestock hauliers * Farmers * Vehicles * Events * Dogs * Shooting * Parties * Livestock markets Stop virus spread * Movement standstill * Protection zone * Surveillance zone Stop virus production * Kill infected animal Kill the virus * Destroy carcass * Cleanse and disinfect
77
what are the future control of notifiable diseases
Enhanced biosecurity at farms, markets, shows Swill feeding banned Continuous farm livestock movement controls Stricter import controls on meat products Formalized contingency planning Stamping out policy Vaccination procedures in place Pre-emptive informed by modelling

Module 20: Global Vet Med (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions