The Plant Body

Question 1

Roots originating from the stem at ground level or below; typical of the fibrous root system of monocots

Answer 1

Adventitious Roots

Question 2

The meristem at the tip fo the shoot or root; responsible for a plant’s primary growth

Answer 2

Apical Meristem

Question 3

A bud that forms in the angle where a leaf meets the sem

Answer 3

Axillary Bud

Question 4

A type of plant cell, living at functional maturity, which leads flexible support by virtue of primary cell walls thickened at the corners

Answer 4

Collenchyma

Question 5

A lateral meristem that produces secondary growth, mainly in the form of waxy-walled protective cells, including some of the cells that become bark

Answer 5

Cork Cambium

Question 6

The tissue between the epidermis and the vascular cambium of a stem or a root

Answer 6

Cortex

Question 7

An embryotic organ that stores and digests reserve materials; may expand when seed germinates

Answer 7

Cotyledons

Question 8

A waxy layer on the outer body surface that retards water loss

Answer 8

Cuticle

Question 9

A growht patter in which the growth of an organism ceases when an adult state is reached

Answer 9

Determinate Growth

Question 10

The outer covering of a plant, consisting of epidermis in the young plant and periderm in a plant with extensive secondary growth

Answer 10

Dermal Tissue System

Question 11

A specialized cell layer marking the inside of the cortex in roots and some stems, frequently a barrier to free diffusion of solutes

Answer 11

Endodermis

Question 12

The outermost cell layer, only one layer thick

Answer 12

Epidermis

Question 13

An elongated, tapering sclerenchyma cell, usually with thick cell wall, that serves as a support function in xylem

Answer 13

Fibers

Question 14

A root system typical of monocots composed of numerous thin adventitious roots that are roughly equal in diameter

Answer 14

Fibrous Root System

Question 15

The part of an apical meristem that gives rise to the ground tissue system of the primary plant body

Answer 15

Ground Meristem

Question 16

Those parts of the plant body not included in the dermal or vascular tissue systems, function in storage, photosynthesis, and support

Answer 16

Ground Tissue System

Question 17

An open-ended growth pattern in which an organism continues to grow as long as it lives

Answer 17

Indeterminate Growth

Question 18

The region between two nodes of a plant stem

Answer 18

Internode

Question 19

Either of the two meristems, the vascular cambium and the cork cambium, that gives rise to a plant’s secondary growth

Answer 19

Lateral Meristem

Question 20

A complex, hydrophobic polyphenolic polymere in plant cell walls that crosslinks other wall polymers, strengthening the walls, especially in wood

Answer 20

Lignin

Question 21

Chloroplast-containing, photosynthetic cells in the interior of leaves

Answer 21

Mesophyll

Question 22

Plant tissue made up of undifferenciated actively dividing cells

Answer 22

Meristems

Question 23

Crosslinked cellulose polymers forming strong aggregates in the plant cell walls

Answer 23

Mincrofibrils

Question 24

A layer of polysaccarides that seperates plant cells; a shared one of these lies outside the primary walls of two cells

Answer 24

Middle Lamella

Question 25

A point on a stem where a leaf is or was attached

Answer 25

Node

Question 26

A plant tissue composed of relatively unspecialized cells without secondary walls

Answer 26

Parenchyma

Question 27

In plant roots, tissue just within the endodermis, but outside of the root vascular tissue

Answer 27

Pericycle

Question 28

The outer tissue of the secondary plant body, consisting primarily of cork

Answer 28

Periderm

Question 29

In vascular plants, the vascular tissue that transports sugars and other solutes from sources to sinks

Answer 29

Phloem

Question 30

The repeating modules that compose a shoot, each consisting of one or more leaves, attached to the stem at a node; an internode; and one or more axillary buds

Answer 30

Phytomers

Question 31

Relatively unspecialized tissue found within a cylinder of vascular tissue

Answer 31

Pith

Question 32

A cytoplasmic strand connecting two adjacent plant cells

Answer 32

Plasmodesmata

Question 33

A structure that forms at the middle lamella after cytokinesis, made up of cellulose microfibrils, hemicelluloses, and pectins

Answer 33

Primary Cell Wall

Question 34

Growth that is characterized by the lengthening of roots and shoots and by the proliferation of new roots and shoots through branching

Answer 34

Primary Growth

Question 35

Meristems that produce the tissues of the primary plant body

Answer 35

Primary Meristem

Question 36

The part of the plant produced by primary growth; consists of all the nonwoody parts of a plant

Answer 36

Primary Plant Body

Question 37

Primary meristem that produces the vascualr tissue

Answer 37

Procambium

Question 38

Primary meristem that gives rise to the plant epidermis

Answer 38

Protoderm

Question 39

The living contents of a plant cell; the plasma membrane and everything contained within it

Answer 39

Protoplast

Question 40

The organ responsible for anchoring the plant in the soil, absorbing water and minerals, and producing certian hormones

Answer 40

Root

Question 41

A thimble-shaped mass of cells, produced by the root apical meristem, that protects the meristem; the organ that perceives the gravitational stimulus in root gravitropism

Answer 41

Root Cap

Question 42

A long, thin process from a root epidermal cell that absorbs water and minerals from the soil solution

Answer 42

Root Hairs

Question 43

The organ system that anchors a plant in place, absorbs water and dissolved minerals, and may store products of photosynthesis from the shoot system

Answer 43

Root System

Question 44

A plant tissue composed of cells with heavily thickened cell walls, the cells are dead at functional maturity; fibers and sclerids

Answer 44

Sclerencyma

Question 45

A thick, cellulosic structure internal to the primary cell wall formed in some plant cells after cell expansion

Answer 45

Secondary Cell Wall

Question 46

Growth that contributes to an increase in girth

Answer 46

Secondary Growth

Question 47

The part of a plant produced by secondary growth; consists of woody tissues

Answer 47

Secondary Plant Body

Question 48

The organ system that consists of leaves, stems, and flowers

Answer 48

Shoot System

Question 49

The characteristic cell of the phloem in angiosperms, which contains cytoplasm but relatively few organelles, and whose end walls contain pores that form connections with neighboring cells

Answer 49

Sieve Tube Elements

Question 50

The central cylinder of vascular tissue in the plant stem

Answer 50

Stele

Question 51

The organ that holds leaves and/or flowers and transports and distributes materials among the other organs of the plant

Answer 51

Stems

Question 52

In the embryos of seed plants, the stalk of cells that pushes the embryo into the endosperm and is a source of nutrient transport to the embryo

Answer 52

Suspensor

Question 53

A root system typical of dicots consisting of a primary root that extends downward by tip growth and outward by initiating lateral roots

Answer 53

Taproot System

Question 54

Any of three organized groups of tissues—dermal tissue, vascular tissue, and ground tissue—that are established during embryogenesis and have distinct functions

Answer 54

Tissue Systems

Question 55

A type of tracheary element found in the xylem of nearly all vascular plants, characterized by tapering ends and walls that are pitted but bot perforated

Answer 55

Tracheids

Question 56

A strand of vascular tissue, including xylem and phloem as well as thick walled fibers

Answer 56

Vascular Bundles

Question 57

A lateral meristem that gives rise to secondary xylem and phloem

Answer 57

Vascular Cambium

Question 58

The transport system of a vascular plant, consisting primarily of xylem and phloem

Answer 58

Vascular Tissue System

Question 59

A type of tracheary element with perforated end walls; found only in angiosperms

Answer 59

Vessel Elements

Question 60

In vascular plants, the tissue that conducts water and minerals; consists of tracheids, vessel elements, fibers, and other highly specialized cells

Answer 60

Xylem