The Plant Cell

Question 1

What makes plant cells rigid and waterproof? Why?

Answer 1

2* cell wall. Bc it is Lignified

Question 2

In what order are the 1° and 2° cells walls? Why?

Answer 2

1* outside
2* inside
because 1* is made first then the 2* is made…..both made by (ask*?)

Question 3

What holds cell walls together?

Answer 3

The Middle Lamella (which is Modified Pectin)

Question 4

What are the 3 types of plastids?

Answer 4

1) Chloroplasts
2) Chromoplasts
3) Leucoplasts

Question 5

What are the 3 forms of leucoplasts?

Answer 5

◊ Amyloplast
◊ Elaioplast
◊ Proteinoplasts

Question 6

What type of leucoplast stores lipids?

Answer 6

Elaioplast

Question 7

What is a key concept of plastids and what is an example of this?

Answer 7

all of these plastids can interconvert

EX) fruit ripening

Question 8

What are the 4 points that support the origin of the chloroplast?

Answer 8

1. Membranes—
   a. outermembrane=eukaryotic- like,
   b. inner membrane= prokaryotic-like
2. Chromosomes—
   a. Form…Circular
   b. Function… operon system… like prokaryotic chromosomes
3. Ribosomes—
   a. Look like in prokaryote
4. Binary fission—
   a. Like prokaryote …(bacteria)

Question 9

How does the way that animal cells communicate differ from the way plant cells communicate?

Answer 9

Animal cells: gap junctions

Plant cells: Plasmodesmata

Question 10

In what state of solution is a plasmolyzed (shriveled) plant cell? What does it mean for the cell?

Answer 10

Hypertonic solution– the surroundings are a higher concentration… T/f (since water moves to the higher concentration) the water moves OUT OF the cell which is then left shriveled/ plasmolyzed

Question 11

In what state of solution is a turgid plant cell? What does it mean for the cell?

Answer 11

Hypotonic solution– the surroundings are a lower concentration… T/f (since water moves to the higher concentration) the water moves INTO the cell which allows the

Question 12

In what state of solution is a flaccid plant cell? What does it mean for the cell?

Answer 12

Isotonic solution– the surroundings are at an equal concentration with the cells… T/f (since water moves to the higher concentration) there is no water movement in or out… which makes the cell lack pressure

Question 13

In herbaceous plants, what are the 3 tissue systems and what are there function?

Answer 13

1. Dermal—protection
2. Ground—everything else
3. Vascular—carry around

Question 14

What are the 3 cell types in dermal tissue?

Answer 14

1- pavement cells
2-guard cells
3-trichome

Question 15

What is the structure, function and location of pavement cells?

Answer 15

® No chloroplasts
® Large vacuoles
® Why? Think of function….. protection NOT photosynthesis …. See through to let the chloroplasts soak in sunlight …… some are convex
® Secrete cutin à cuticle (waxy leaves)
	◊ Prevent H2O loss

However prevents gas exchange …

Question 16

What are the most common types of cells in dermal tissue?

Answer 16

pavement cells

Question 17

What type of cell secretes cutin?

Answer 17

pavement cells

Question 18

What is the structure, function and location of guard cells?

Answer 18

® In pairs
® Form stomata
® Gas exchange
® Have chloroplasts

Question 19

What is the structure, function and location of trichomes?

Answer 19

® “Plant hairs”
® Single cell
® Shape and function vary – “lots of Forms lots of Functions”
® Protection
◊ Ex. White… reflect light; silica … toxins … anti-herbivory
◊ EX. Grandular shape … smell good (ie basil) defend ag insects
® Water & mineral uptake
◊ Root hairs=Increase in surface area
EX Cotton and citrus fruit

Question 20

What type of tissue composes the majority of the plant?

Answer 20

Ground Tissue

Question 21

What are the 3 cell types in ground tissue?

Answer 21

1- Parenchyma cells
2-Collencyma cells
3- Sclerenchyma cells

Question 22

What is the structure, function and location of parenchyma cells ?

Answer 22

Function: 
     -Storage, 
     -Photosynthesis 
     -Secretion 
Structure:
     -Large, round
     -Thin 1* walls
     -Alive
Location= throughout the plant body

Question 23

What word describes parenchyma cells and their ability to differentiate?

Answer 23

Totipotency

Question 24

What is the structure, function and location of collenchyma cells ?

Answer 24

Structure:
-Alive (@ maturity)
-Thick 1* walls
-Elongated
Function:
-Structure & Support (special type)
Location=just under skin epidermis and along leaf veins

Question 25

What is the structure and location of sclerenchyma cells ?

Answer 25

Structure:
-Thick 2* wall (relates to why they are dead)
-Rigid, inflexible support
-dead @ maturity
Location=throughout the plant body and common in stems and certain leaves

Question 26

What are the 2 different types of sclerenchyma cells? (describe and give example)

Answer 26

1) Fibers
- clustered (Extreme ex=tree trunk)
- elongated
2) Sclereids
- Roundish
- EX where Peach pit gets its strength
- EX pears… grainy comes from sclereids

Question 27

What type of ground tissue cells are dead at maturity?

Answer 27

Sclerenchyma cells