‘The popular rebellions faced by Henry VII gave him more problems than the threats posed by pretenders to the throne’. Explain why you agree or disagree with this view. Flashcards
(8 cards)
1
Q
Introduction
A
INTRODUCTION
- Overall limited value - pretenders had larger scope and over a longer period of time
- More immanent threat to him as claim to the throne was weak
- Both had levels of seriousness but pretenders’ biggest threat due to their intent on taking throne.
2
Q
POPULAR REBELLIONS MORE PROBLEMATIC
A
- Yorkshire rebellion 1489
- Cornish rebellion 1497
3
Q
PRETENDERS MORE PROBLEMATIC
A
- Lambert Simnel - 1 year in
- Perkin Warbeck a threat for 8 years
4
Q
CONCLUSION
A
- both types of rebellion presented clear problems to Henry
- popular rebellions were dealt with through manageable military intervention + biggest setback = monetary
- the pretenders were intent on removing Henry from the throne and ending the Tudor dynasty
- Henry lived in constant fear that all of his plans to secure the dynasty would be thrown in jeopardy at any moment
- Considerably more skill such as Etaples in 1492 and Ayrton in 1497 to put an end to the support of pretenders
5
Q
Popular rebellions more problematic: Yorkshire rebellion
A
- 1489 taxation granted in parliament of £100,000 - thwarted f.p. ambitions of helping Bretons
- Finance the involvement of English forced in the campaign in Brittany
- April: Murder of rebel of Earl of Northumberland near North ridings of Yorkshire
After he returned with negotiation done with King - thought to be behind this murder - Overcome: Earl of Surrey finally defeated the rebels outside York / Egremont escaped to Flanders
- Less people were involved but geographically further away + North = not Henry’s stronghold
- In the end, he had to be content with collecting a quarter of the intended £100,000.
6
Q
Popular rebellions more problematic: Cornish Rebellion
A
- January 1497: heavy taxation = finance expedition North - resist invasion of James IV + Warbeck
- Cornish: claimed loudly they could not bear weight of taxation
- Accused king: cruelty + malice counsellors / out of hand - threat. death authors of great oppression
- Posed greater threat than Yorkshire: up to 15,000 involved
- Attempt to exploit the rebellion made by Perkin Warbeck
- Rebels marched on London = capital = key! Only halted at Blackheath
- Withdrew troops from defending Scottish border: Lord Daubney + troops
- Rebellion was crushed easily enough by Daubney - 100 men killed / rest fled
- Punished only the leaders - executed = strong message
7
Q
Pretenders more problematic: Lambert Simnel - 1 year in
A
- Change of strategy: figurehead to be a Yorkist prince + financial support to generate military threat
- Lambert Simnel: passed of as Earl of Warwick - bigger claim to throne + imprisoned by Henry
- May 1487: crowned king of England by Irish nobility / foreign powers see him as King NOT henry
- Foreign support: Margaret of burgundy - force of 2000 mercenaries to invade England
- Rebels landed in N.W. England / drew support from Yorkist areas
- Had the real of Earl of Warwick exhibited in London - Simnel subsequently fled from Henry VII court
- Joined failed plotter Lord Lovell at Court of Margaret of Burgundy
Tension! Henry VII had killed Margaret’s brother Edward IV.
8
Q
Pretenders more problematic: Perkin Warbeck a threat for 8 years
A
- Cloth trader from Tournai, Flanders / persistent irritant to Henry for 8 years
- Once claimed to be Richard Duke of York = one of the princes in the tower - stronger claim to throne
- Patronage from foreign rulers = serious threat - fragility Henry’s position considered by others
- If activities had been confined to England he would have been dismissed as a pest
- Margaret / Maximillian / Philip gave hospitality to Warbeck - he gained support
- Henry imposed a risky trade embargo w. Burgundy in order to ease Warbeck matters
- 1496: Intercursus malus - after Warbeck left in 1495 and brought trade embargo to an end
