The Principle of Immunology

Question 1

The cells and tissues that recognize and mediate ( Intervene ) substances in the body

Answer 1

Immune System

Question 2

study of structure and function of the immune system

Answer 2

Immunology

Question 3

Resistance of a host to pathogens and their toxic effects

Answer 3

Immunity

Question 4

Collective and coordinated response to the introduction of foreign substances in an individual mediated by the cells and molecules of the immune system

Answer 4

Immune Response

Question 5

Foreign substance which, when introduce to the body it is capable of inducting an immune response

Answer 5

Antigen

Question 6

APC is?

Answer 6

Antigen Presenting Cell

Question 7

Highly specialized cells that process antigens and display their peptide fragments on their surface

Answer 7

Antigen Presenting Cell

Question 8

The process by which a cell engulfs and digests solid substances.

Answer 8

Phagocytosis

Question 9

Extracellular fluid that accumulates in tissues and is carried through the lymphatic system by the lymphatic vessels

Answer 9

Lymph

Question 10

Developed a vaccine for smallpox in 1796

Answer 10

Edward Jenner

Question 11

Eradication of smallpox according to World Health Organization

Answer 11

1979

Question 12

Vaccines against cholera, and rabies

Answer 12

Pasteur (1880s)

Question 13

Infections caused by Microorganisms

Answer 13

Kock (late 19th century)

Question 14

Serum factors transfer of immunity

Answer 14

Ehrlich (1890s)

Question 15

Antibody structure

Answer 15

Porter & Edelman (1960s)

Question 16

Immunological importance of lymphocytes

Answer 16

J. Gowans (1960s)

Question 17

Macrophages and dendritic cells are example of this. It reside in the blood and tissues waiting to engulf foreign substances

Answer 17

Phagocytic Cells

Question 18

After leaving the bone marrow, some WBCs reach the thymus gland where they differentiate and become thymus-derived lymphocytes

Answer 18

T cells

Question 19

WBCs that do not reach the thymus gland becomes what?

Answer 19

B Cells

Question 20

Skin, Mucous membranes

Answer 20

Nonspecific External Barriers

Question 21

If there barriers are penetrated, the body responds with

Answer 21

Innate Immune Response

Question 22

Phagocytic and natural killer cells, inflammation, fever

Answer 22

Innate Immune Response

Question 23

If the innate immune response is insufficient, the body responds with

Answer 23

Adaptive Immune Response

Question 24

Cell-mediated Immunity, Humoral Immunity

Answer 24

Adaptive Immune Response

Question 25

These are the trespassers (Pathogens)

Answer 25

Bacteria, Viruses, Parasites such as fungi, protista, and worms

Question 26

Skin, Mucous Membranes, Mucous and Cilia are part of what system

Answer 26

The Integumentary System

Question 27

It provides a physical barrier preventing microbial access

Answer 27

The Integumentary System

Question 28

These are constantly sloughed off, making it hard for invading bacteria to colonize

Answer 28

Dead Skin Cells

Question 29

It contains anti-microbial chemicals, including some antibiotics

Answer 29

Sweat ( Contains Lysozymes ) and Oils (Sebum -Contains fatty acids and antimicrobial properties )

Question 30

It contains lysozymes, enzymes that destroy bacterial cell walls

Answer 30

Mucus

Question 31

True or False The normal flow of mucus washes bacteria and viruses off of mucus membranes

Answer 31

True

Question 32

True or False Cilia in the respiratory tract push mucus into the lungs to trap bacteria and viruses.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

What type of Adaptive Immune Response it is if the TC cells mature in the thymus, developing a large library of different cells, each with different antigen receptor specificity

Answer 33

Cell-Mediated Response

Question 34

This is a pluripotent stem cell that can give rise to any type of blood cell

Answer 34

Hematopoietic stem cell

Question 35

How few HCSs are enough to completely regenerate the whole hematopoietic system

Answer 35

As few as 100

Question 36

A type of daughter cells produced by hematopoietic stem cells.

Answer 36

Myeloid Cells

Question 37

They originate in bone marrows, they act quickly to kill foreign particles which can infect the body and alert The lymphoid cells for further defense mechanisms

Answer 37

Myeloid Cells

Question 38

Myeloid Cells are progenitor cells of different types of cells. What different type of blood cells it produce?

Answer 38

Monocytes, Macrophages, Neutrophils, Basophils, Eosinophils, Erythrocytes, Dendritic cells, Megakaryocytes and Platelets

Question 39

They move around the body in the lymph and act more slowly to kill infections specifically.

Answer 39

Lymphoid Cells

Question 40

Lymphoid cells produce three main immune cells named.

Answer 40

T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and natural killer cells

Question 41

What are the integumentary system

Answer 41

Skin, Mucous Membranes, Mucous and Cilia

Question 42

Only extrude nuclei in mammals

Answer 42

Red Blood Cells

Question 43

Pinch off platelets and cell fragment without nuclei

Answer 43

Megakaryocytes

Question 44

These cells all have specific granules that compartmentalize potentially dangerous molecules

Answer 44

Granulocytes

Question 45

The infantry of the system, the immune system's first responder, typically the first white blood cells to come into a site of acute inflammation

Answer 45

Neutrophils

Question 46

Lobed Nucleus, Not phagocytic, Respond to worms

Answer 46

Basophils

Question 47

Granules with histamines stain with methylene blue, a basic stain

Answer 47

Basophils

Question 48

Similar to basophils, only they associate with tissues instead of circulating

Answer 48

Mast Cells

Question 49

Non-lobed Nucleus, Released as undifferentiated cells maturing in their tissues, have other immune regulatory function

Answer 49

Mast Cells

Question 50

Granules stain with red, an acidic stain, have hydrolytic enzymes

Answer 50

Eosinophils

Question 51

Phagocytic, though less important, Bilobed Nucleus, Target worms

Answer 51

Eosinophils

Question 52

Called mononuclear as the nuclei are unlobed and look like proper single nuclei. These cells are a little like cavalry or scouts: They both patrol and report back and may kill bad guys

Answer 52

Myeloid Antigen-Presenting Cells

Question 53

Circulate in blood for about 8 hours

Answer 53

Monocytes

Question 54

It migrates into tissues by amoeboid motion, enlarge five to 10 folds.

Answer 54

Macrophages

Question 55

Phagocytize pathogens and debris from dead cells, Antibodies attached to pathogens make this easier

Answer 55

Macrophages

Question 56

It recognize and destroy altered cells or cells that have been infected by viruses.

Answer 56

Natural Killer Cells

Question 57

It produces antibodies which work on bacteria and viruses and neutralize them.

Answer 57

B cells or B Lymphocytes

Question 58

It produces cytokines that induce the immune response and the second type produces granules that are responsible for the death of infected cells.

Answer 58

T cells

Question 59

It is a type of Adaptive Immune Response that main Cell is B cells. Where B cells produce antibodies that bind to specific antigens

Answer 59

Humoral Response

Question 60

It is a type of Adaptive Immune Response that main Cell is T cells. Where T cells recognize infected cells via antigen presentation and kill them directly or signal others to act

Answer 60

Cell-Mediated Response

Question 61

It is a type of Adaptive Immune Response that is Mostly intracellular ( Inside the cel )

Answer 61

Cell-Mediated Response

Question 62

It is a type of Adaptive Immune Response that is Mostly Extracellular ( Outside the cell in fluids )

Answer 62

Humoral Response

Question 63

What are thrombocytes, its function helps with blood clotting

Answer 63

Platelets