Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology 21st century > The Processes of life > Flashcards

The Processes of life Flashcards

1
Q

What is the process whereby green plants make their food?

A

Photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the end product of photosynthesis?

A

Glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is glucose?

A

A sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is respiration?

A

The process used by all organisms to release energy from food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When do plants respire?

A

All the time, but only at night can we measure their respiration as during the day the photosynthesis uses up more CO2 than they produce.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do organisms use energy for?

A

Think! - Anything from movement to active transport, keeping warm to producing the large molecules to grow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

A biological catalyst, a protein that speeds up reactions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a protein made up of?

A

Amino acids. (Amine is a NH2 group)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do cells know how to build an enzyme?

A

They use the genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the chemicals that enzymes work on?

A

Substrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the chemicals that are produce in the reaction?

A

Products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the shape of an enzyme?

A

A complex 3D shape that has an area for the substrate to fit into

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the part of the enzyme that the substrate fits into?

A

Active site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What phrase is used to describe the model of how enzymes work?

A

Lock and Key

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do enzymes need to work at their optimum?

A

A specific pH and temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the body temperature of most mammals and birds?

A

Around 37C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the optimum temperature for most enzymes?

A

Around 37C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens to the reaction speed of a reaction (with an enzyme) as the temperature is increased?

A

The reaction speed increases as enzyme activity increases, up until the point where the protein is denatured by the heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens to an enzyme if the pH changes too much?

A

The shape of the active site changes. If the change is permanent the protein is denatured.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

It is a series of chemical reactions that use energy from sunlight to build large food molecules in green plants and phytoplankton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the overall word equation for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide and water —-light energy—–>glucose and oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What absorbs the sunlight?

A

Chlorophyll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where in the plant cell would you find the chlorophyll?

A

In the chloroplasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where in the plant cells would you find the enzymes used for photosynthesis?

A

In the chloroplasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the product of photosynthesis?
Glucose
26
What is the glucose used for?
Chemicals needed for growth - cellulose, protein; starch to store energy; used for respiration
27
What is needed for the plant to synthesise amino acids?
Glucose and nitrates
28
What is produced as a waste product of photosynthesis?
Oxygen
29
What is the symbol equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O ---> C6H12O6 + 6O2
30
What is the basic unit of life?
The cell
31
What surrounds the cell?
cell membrane
32
Where do most of the reactions in the cell occur?
In the jelly-like cytoplasm
33
What does the cell membrane permit to pass freely?
Water and gases
34
What does the cell membrane not permit to pass through?
Larger molecules
35
What sort of membrane is the cell membrane?
Semi-permeable
36
What has a cell wall?
Cells of bacteria, plants and yeasts
37
What is a plant cell wall made from?
Cellulose
38
Where is the DNA (other than bacteria)
In the nucleus
39
Where do bacteria keep their DNA?
In the cytoplasm, a ring like structure
40
Where does respiration take place?
Mitochondria
41
Which organisms use mitochondria?
Animals, plants, microorganisms such as yeast
42
Where do bacteria keep the enzymes for respiration?
In the cell wall
43
What is diffusion?
The movement of chemicals from a high to a low concentration
44
How does carbon dioxide enter plant leaves?
By diffusion
45
How does oxygen leave plant leaves?
By diffusion
46
What do you call the movement of chemicals from a high to a low concentration?
Diffusion
47
Diffusion is....
passive, it requires no energy input from the organism
48
What is osmosis?
The movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration across a partially-permeable membrane
49
How do plants take up water?
By osmosis through the roots. (Note... if you are a very big tree you'd better have a plan B)
50
Why can plants not take up nitrate by diffusion?
They are usually found in higher concentration in plant cells than outside
51
How do plants take in nitrates?
Active transport
52
What does active transport need that diffusion does not?
Energy
53
Where does the energy for active transport come from?
Respiration
54
What limits the rate of photosynthesis?
Temperature, light, CO2
55
How is fieldwork on plants done?
A quadrat is put on the ground at random and all the plants within it are recorded. (Or a transect could be taken)
56
What information could you get from fieldwork done by quadrats?
Abundance and distribution of plants
57
How do living things obtain energy?
Respiration
58
Who respires?
Every living thing
59
What do we respire?
Glucose
60
What is the overall word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen ---> carbon dioxide + water + energy
61
Who uses aerobic respiration?
Plants, animals, some microorganisms
62
Why do organisms require the energy released by respiration?
Synthesis of large molecules; movement; warmth; etc
63
How do plants store the glucose produced by photosynthesis?
Starch.
64
Is there just one enzyme for respiration?
No, there are multiple stages and each has its own enzyme
65
What is the chemical equation for respiration?
C6H12O6+6O2 ---> 6CO2 +6H2O
66
How do organisms respire without oxygen?
Anaerobic respiration
67
Why use aerobic respiration?
It releases more energy
68
Where does anaerobic respiration occur?
In our muscles when we exercise vigorously; plant roots in water logged soil; bacteria in deep wounds
69
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?
Glucose ---> lactic acid + energy
70
What is fermentation?
A type of anaerobic respiration used by some organisms
71
What is produced by fermentation?
Alcohol (ethanol)
72
What is the word equation for fermentation?
glucose ----> ethanol + carbon dioxide + ENERGY
73
What type of respiration provides biogas?
Anaerobic
74
What makes bread rise?
The CO2 produced by yeast as it ferments
75
What makes alcoholic drinks sparkle?
The CO2 produced by yeast as it ferments

Biology 21st century (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions