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Sem 1 Year 2 > The Public > Flashcards

The Public Flashcards

1
Q

Chlamydia Treatment

A 
Azithromycin 1g Single dose
Or
Doxycycline 7 days, 100mg BD
Or 
Azithromycin 14 days 500mg BD
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2
Q

Gonorrhoea Treatment

A

1st Line: Ceftriaxone 500mg i/m + azithromycin 1g SINGLE DOSE

2nd Line: cefixime 400mg + 1g SINGLE DOSE

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3
Q

Non-gonococcal urethritis

A 
Azithromycin 1g single dose
Or
Doxycycline 100mg BD 7 days
or
Azithromycin 500mg BD 14 days
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4
Q

5 classes of ARV

A

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Protease inhibitors

Integrase inhibitors

Entry/Fusion inhibitors

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5
Q

Diphtheria

Pathogen type and name

A

Non invasive

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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6
Q

Whooping cough

Pathogen type and name

A

Non invasive

Bordetella pertussis

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7
Q

Toxins of whooping cough

A

Pertussis (exo)toxin

Tracheal cytotoxin (TCT)

Invasive adenylate cyclase toxin

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8
Q

Diphtheria pathogenesis

A

Diphtheria toxin (a-b toxin)

Pseudomembrane forms in throat

aB toxin inhibits EF2 In eukaryotic cells

Inhibits protein synthesis

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9
Q

Whooping cough pathogenesis

A

Attaches and replicated on ciliates urt mucosa

Produces toxins

Loss of mucocilary clearance

Violent coughing fits

Secondary pneumonia

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10
Q

Cholera pathogenesis

A

Acute infection of Gi tract

Produces cholera toxin

Adenyl cyclase upregulation

Causes loss of electrolytes and therefore massive fluid loss to GIT

Death through dehydration

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11
Q

Shingellosis pathogenesis

A

Attach and invade (partially) distal ileum and colonic epithelia

Shiva toxin release when bacteria die

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12
Q

Enteric fever pathogenesis

A

Bacterial induced uptake via M cells

Systemic dissemination

Macrophage containing viable bacteria

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13
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

Produces toxin

Toxin ingested

Interacts with gastric mucosa

Symptoms

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14
Q

Bacillus Cereus two disease forms

A

Emetic toxin

Enterotoxins Nhe and HBL

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15
Q

Infant meningitis types

A

Group B streptococci
Pneumococcal
Meng B,C

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16
Q

Children 2-12yrs

A

Pnemococcal

Meng B,C

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17
Q

Adolescents meningitis type

A

Meng C

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18
Q

What is in the 6-in-1 vaccine

A 
Diphtheria 
Tetanus
Polio 
Pertussis 
Hepatitis B
HiB
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19
Q

8 week vaccines

A

6 in 1
Prevenar 13
Men B
Rotavirus

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20
Q

12 week vaccines

A

6 in 1

Rotavirus

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21
Q

16 weeks vaccines

A

6 in 1
Prevenar 13
Men B

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22
Q

1 year vaccine

A

HiB and menC
Prevenar13
MMR
MenB booster

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23
Q

3 years and 4 month vaccines

A 
Diphtheria 
Tetanus 
Pertussis 
Polio
MMR
24
Q

Girls 12-13 vaccine

A

HPV

Gardasil

25
14 years vaccines
Tetanus Diphtheria Polio MenACWY
26
Cholera bacterium
Vibrio cholerae
27
Cholera Important info
``` Causes diarrhoea and vomiting Vibrio cholerae Through contaminated food/ water/faeces Killed cell vaccine Can cause GI disturbances ```
28
Hepatitis A important info
``` Disease of liver HAV Directly aquired Inactived vaccine Passive or active immunity Immunity provided in 2-4 weeks HAV incubation period is 2-4 weeks Local side effects ```
29
Japanese encephalitis
``` Brain inflammation Vector Japanese encephalitis virus Inactivated alum-adjunctivated vaccine Not on NHS Local side effects ```
30
Meningococcal important info
Meninges infected Headache, neuro, fever, stiff neck, photophobia Neisseria meningitidis Respiratory droplets Polysaccharide conjugated vaccines Bivalent - a and c Trivalent -a and c and w-135 Tetravalent - a,c,y,w-135 Local side effects Usually no symptoms
31
Rabies important info
Affects brain and nervous system Lyssavirus Bite off animal Embryonated egg vaccine (3 doses over a month) Two dose regimens depending on if it is pre or post prophylaxis Local side effect Can take 20-60 days for symptoms- apprehension/hallucinations/sensory changes biting/fever/aerophobia/hydrophobia
32
Tick-Bourne encephalitis
Infection and inflammation of brain and spinal cord. Bite of tick TBE virus Inactivated vaccine 3 doses Local side effects Remove tick ASAP
33
Typhoid fever important info
Spreads Severe complications-internal bleeding, perforation of digestive tract or bowel Contaminated food or water Oral vaccine - live attenuated extracellular vaccine Injectable vaccine - capsular polysaccharide typhoid vaccine given Im Oral - inactivated by antibacterials (3 days b and a) and antibacterials (3 days after) Take 2 weeks before travel Local and Gi side effects
34
Yellow fever important info
Phase 1 - fever, muscle aches, headache Phase 2- jaundice, abdominal pain, vomiting, haemorrhage (60% die) Arbovirus Mosquito bites ``` Vaccine is live attenuated im Avoid if immunosuppressed Guidance if egg allergy Local side effects Viscerotropic disease ``` International Certificate of vaccination to travel
35
Two main malaria causes
P.falciparium | P.vivax
36
Malaria treatments
Quinine malrone | Riamet
37
P.Falciparum treatment
Riamet Malarone Quinine
38
P.malariae treatment
Chloroquine
39
P.vivax and P.ovale treatment
Chloroquine and prinaquine
40
The 5 herpes viruses
``` Herpes simples 1 Herpes simplex 2 Varicella zoster virus Epstein Barr virus Kaposis sarcoma herpes virus ```
41
Where do herpes virus remain latent
Sensory ganglia
42
What is classic acute glandular fever called
Mononucleosis
43
Herpes vaccine
Live, attenuated
44
What is the group of cells in the innate immune system?
Myloid cells
45
Two types of myloid cells
Granulocytic | Monolytic
46
Three granulocytic cells
Neutrophils Basophils Eosinophils
47
Types of monolytic cells
Macrophages Langerhans and kupffer Dendritic
48
Mast cells strategy
Release factors to increase blood flow and bring immunity factors to site of infection
49
Neutrophils and macrophages strategy
Engulf and destroy microorganisms
50
Eosinophils strategy
Secrets factors which kill Protozoa and worms
51
NK cells strategy
Destroy virus infected cells
52
Lysozyme function
Splits bacterial wall
53
Acute phase protein function
Optimise - marks Attracts phagocytes Increase blood flow
54
Complement factor function
Optimise
55
Interferon (cytokines) function
Antiviral resistance
56
Why use folate
Tetrahydrofolate cannot winter cells
57
TB therapy
Isoniazid Rifampicin Pyrazinamide Ethambutamol

Sem 1 Year 2 (4 decks)

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