the radicalisation of the state 1933-41

Question 1

what are the three phrases in the development of the Nazi regime

Answer 1

1 the legal revolution 1933-34 in which hitler depended on his political allies and consolidate his power through legal means
2 creating the new germany 1934-37 hitler worried about public opinion at home and abroad. he avoided confronting powerful groups e.g. the church and army. he knew Germany wasnt ready for war
3 radicalisation of the state 1938-39, by 1939 the regime was strong and the economy had improved and germany was ready for war, therefore by 1939 hitler took control of the army by dismissing Blomberg and Fritsch and unleashed persecution of his racial enemies

Question 2

who was blomberg

Answer 2

army general

Question 3

who was fritsch

Answer 3

army general

Question 4

what were the 3 main aspects of the Nazi ideology in radicalisation

Answer 4

social Darwinism and race theory- he used this to justify his theory of racial superiority and eugenics. the jews, blacks and slavs were inferior, the nazis wanted to purify the race by eliminating these ‘germs’. the aryan had the right to rule inferiors
volksgemeinschaft- was twisted by anti-sematic and racial thinking. inferiors were excluded from the community
lebensraum- opening space for white superior race. belived that germanys destiny lay in the east, thereby invading Poland. battle ground for race inhalation

Question 5

how do you spell peoples community

Answer 5

V O L S K G E M E I N S C H A F T

Question 6

how do you spell living space

Answer 6

L E B E N S R A U M

Question 7

when was the reich central office set up? who was the expert and why was it set up?

Answer 7

1936
ritter, ‘scientific advisor’
to fight against gypsies and make locating and classifying them easier

Question 8

what was the decree against gypsies called and when was it

Answer 8

1938, decree for the struggle against the gypsy plague

Question 9

where were gypsies deported to and when

Answer 9

poland

1939

Question 10

what religious sects were banned and when

Answer 10

jehovah witnesses, christian scientists and seventh day activists
november 1933

Question 11

in what circumstances could the ban be lifted on religious sects

Answer 11

those who proved their willingness to coordinate with the regime. the gestaop reported on their activity

Question 12

describe jehovah witnesses opposition against the regime. by a certain date how many were killed

Answer 12

they were the only sect to show hostility because they believed you should only serve god, therefore they refused to salute hitler
many were arrested
1945, 10,000
the regime failed to break their resisance

Question 13

describe the seventh day activiests support for the regime

Answer 13

they welcomed the nazis and described it as germanys rebirth. the ban was lifted after 2 weeks as they agreed to display swastika flag and conclude services with a ‘heil hitler’.
they agreed not to support Jews or race enemies with its welfare system

Question 14

define asocials

Answer 14

range of people who were considered social outcasts

Question 15

when was the mass round up of tramps and beggers and how many were there

Answer 15

september 1933.

300,000

Question 16

whats the differnce between orderly tramps and disorderly tramps and why did they have to make these distinctions

Answer 16

orderly those who were fit for work with no convictions
disorderly habitual criminals
there wasnt enough room in the concentration camps for all tramps so only the disorderly were sent there

Question 17

what was the ‘asocial colony’ and when was it set up

Answer 17

it was to re-educate asocials

1936

Question 18

why did the Nazis disapprove of homosexuals

Answer 18

because they saw it as perverted and a threat to racial health

Question 19

what significant event happened in 1933 in regard to homosexuals

Answer 19

homosexual literature was destroyed and the institute of sex was burnt down by nazi students

Question 20

how many homosexuals were arrested between 1936-38

Answer 20

22,000

Question 21

what did homosexuals wear in concentration camps

Answer 21

pink triangles

Question 22

how did the Nazis plan to cure homosexuality

Answer 22

through castration. if they refused they were sent to concentration camps and beaten to death

Question 23

what percentage of homosexal prisoners died

Answer 23

60%

Question 24

why didnt lesbians face the same discrimination as homosexuals

Answer 24

because they were considered asocials

Question 25

what was the law called against the disabled and when was it and what did it do

Answer 25

the law for the prevention of hereditary deceased progeny july 1933 introduced compulsory sterilization

Question 26

regarding the law for steralisation, how old did someone have to be to be steralisied and what age could force be used

Answer 26

over 10 | 14

Question 27

what was banned for aryans but permitted for non aryans

Answer 27

abortions and contraception

Question 28

how many people were sterilised

Answer 28

400,000

Question 29

what does euthanasia mean

Answer 29

intentionally ending life

Question 30

when was euthanasia initiated and why

Answer 30

1939 | because a father wrote a personal letter to hitler asking him to 'put down this creature'

Question 31

who was incharge of the euthanasia program

Answer 31

philip bouhler

Question 32

what was the T4 program

Answer 32

disabled children would be sent to asylums and injected or starved to death. parents were reassured that their children were receiving the best care

Question 33

how many children died in the T4 program

Answer 33

5000

Question 34

what opposition did the T4 program face

Answer 34

complaints against boulher for murder worried te regime pastor braune wrote a letter protesting, he was later arrested by the gestapo the pope intervened and therefore in 1941 hitler halted the program in 1941

Question 35

what did the T4 program provide

Answer 35

the techniques and trained personnel for the holocaust

Question 36

decribe the boycott of jewish shops

Answer 36

1st april 1933 goebbels organised propaganda to maximise the impact of the boycott it was carried out by SA man and gangs who marked out what businesses should be targeted and intimidated would be customers the boycott showed the unleashing of nazi violence, however in reality hitler was anxious to get SA under control and about public opinion hitler only intended the boycott to be brief. his aim was to avoid social instability while he carried out his legal revolution

Question 37

what opposition did the boycott face

Answer 37

many germens used jewish shops to show their disapproval and the boycott was abandoned after one day

Question 38

what law dismissed the Jews from civil services and when was it

Answer 38

april 1933 | law for the restoration of the professional civil service

Question 39

why was the law to dismiss all jews from civil services complicated

Answer 39

because of the definition of Jews- if your parents of grand parents were jewish and hindenburg insisting that Jewish veterns to be excluded

Question 40

how many jews left germany in 1933

Answer 40

37,000

Question 41

what opposition did the discrimination of jews face

Answer 41

many germans were reluctant to give up their fmaily doctor a jewish men was assured not to listen to the signs and that he was welcome to use the pub nazi activists demanded the removal of a jewish statue, but the local party boss refused however opposition was rare and most people were unhappy about the discrimination but kept their heads down

Question 42

what discrimination did jews face in 1933-37

Answer 42

``` they were banned from using public swimming pools and businesses put signs up saying that Jews werent welcome. a middle class jewish vetern was banned from using his faviourite restuarant ```

Question 43

when was the nuremberg laws and what were they?

Answer 43

1935 anti-sematic legalisations. frantic anti-sematics thought that previous policies were too lenient and therefore urged Hitler to increase prosecution at the Nuremberg rally he announced that it was time to 'deal with the Jews' the laws were implemented 15 september

Question 44

as part of the nuremberg laws, what was the reich citizenship law mean

Answer 44

you could only be german if you had pure german blood. jews and non aryans were given less rights.

Question 45

as part of the nurmberg laws, what was the law for the protection of german blood and honour

Answer 45

it outlawed marriage between aryans and non aryans and illegal for germans to marry jews or engage in any sexual contact the law was later extended to permit any physical contact, you could be convicted if so german women were pressured to leave their jewish husbands through unemployment due to anti-sematic policies

Question 46

when was the supplementary decree on reich citizenship law and what was it

Answer 46

november 1935 | defined being jewish has have 3 jewish grandfather

Question 47

what does mischinge mean

Answer 47

half jew

Question 48

what discrimination did Jewish doctors face

Answer 48

they were attacked by propaganda as being a threat, it was laced with inappropriate and malicious actions. they were banned april 1933

Question 49

how was there discrimination in education

Answer 49

law against overcrowding of german schools and universities april 1933, restricted the number of jewish children in schools resources and attention should be focused on aryans rather than 'enemies of the state' propaganda stressed that an educated Jew was more of a threat

Question 50

what discrimination was there in the press

Answer 50

october 1933 reich press law applied strict cencorship and closed jewish publication journalists were silenced and forced to leave the country

Question 51

when was the union with Austria, describe it

Answer 51

march 1938 the union with austia was banned in the tov, the takeover was achieved without a shot being fired and the people welcomed the troop the 'bloodless victory' enhanced Hitlers reputation

Question 52

what other bloodless victory did hitler achieved septmeber 1938

Answer 52

hitler risked war with britain and france by demanding Sudentenland being handed over to him. B and F agreed to hand it over

Question 53

when did hitler occupy Czechoslovakia

Answer 53

1939

Question 54

when was the Nazi-soviet pact signed and what was it?

Answer 54

aug 1939 | the USSR agreed not to oppose german invasion of poland

Question 55

when did germany invade poland

Answer 55

1st sep 1939

Question 56

when did britain and france declare war on germany

Answer 56

3rd sept 1939

Question 57

the occupation of austria led to a rapid acceleration of ....

Answer 57

economic campaign against jew

Question 58

what was the decree of registration of jewish property and when was it

Answer 58

april 1938 this was the start of the aryanisation of properties and businesses. in 1938 there were 40,000 jewish businesses, in 1939 there was only 8000

Question 59

when were jewish passports stamped with a J

Answer 59

October 1938

Question 60

in 1939 what names did Jewish men and women need to take on

Answer 60

sarah and isrel

Question 61

what does judenfrei mean

Answer 61

jew free

Question 62

in 1933 how many jews voluntary left germany and who left easily

Answer 62

37,000 | zionists and those with transferable jobs

Question 63

why was making germany judenfrei difficult

Answer 63

because countries werent keen to accept large numbers of Jews nazi policies made it difficult to leave due to stopping wealth

Question 64

where were jewish children sent in 1938/39 and how many

Answer 64

britain 9000

Question 65

what was set up in 1938 to force Jewish emigration to austria

Answer 65

central office of jewish emigration

Question 66

who took over the central office of jewish emirgation in jan 1939 and what did he stand for

Answer 66

heydrich | he promoted the emigration of jews 'by any means possible'

Question 67

what was the reichknstallnacht and when was it

Answer 67

9-10 november 1938 goebbels surprise to hitler for the 15 year anniversary of the munich putsch Jewish homes, businesses were vandalized and the synagogue was burnt down. jews were 1000's beaten up and 91 killed its described as a pogrom the organisation was planned by the Nazis but portayed by propaganda was 'the national soil boiling over'. the SS were told not to wear uniform the police was instructed not to intervene. the fire department watched the synagogue burn down and only step in to stop the fire spreading goebbels prevented insurance companies from compensating jewish property the decree for restoration of the street scene, required Jews to pay for the damages

Question 68

what was germans reaction to the reichknstallnacht

Answer 68

the events didnt receive support some joined the violence but others were horrified a british offical in berlin said ' he had not met a single german who approved.

Question 69

what did the war with Poland provide?

Answer 69

new territories in which Jews could settle and more Jews bought under Nazi control therefore the empathise moved towards deportation and resettlement rather than emigration

Question 70

what did the invasion of Poland split the country into

Answer 70

those occupied by USSR, those under nazi control and the general government

Question 71

describe the general government

Answer 71

controlled by Hans frank and was the dumping ground for Jews

Question 72

describe how the madagascar plan came about

Answer 72

the general government couldnt cope with the mass influx of western Jews and Austrian Jews between November 1939 and feb 1940. hans frank complained

Question 73

who first invented the idea of deporting Jews to madagascar

Answer 73

the french, when french was conquested in 1940 the foreign ministry's department for internal german affairs stole the idea

Question 74

describe the madagascar plan

Answer 74

madagascar would be made available for the Jewish question. the plan was to send 4 million Jews, labour workers would be sent first to prepare for the influx of Jews the sale of Jewish property in europe would finance the initial expedition the environment was intended to be so harsh that the Jews would be eliminated in the long-term

Question 75

why was the madagascar plan unsuccessful

Answer 75

war with britian disrupted mass deportation therefore by october 1940 Hitler was already planning operation barbossa the Jews would be sent to siberia once the USSR had been invaded

Question 76

as well as madagascar, where was Eichmann planning on sending the Jews

Answer 76

palistine but madagascar seemed more viable

Question 77

when and how did Germany conquest france

Answer 77

october 1940 | used a series of blitzkrieg (lighting war)

Question 78

when and what was operation barbossa

Answer 78

june 1941 | invade USSR and dismiss the nazi-soviet pact

Question 79

how many Jews did operation barbossa bring under Nazi control

Answer 79

3 million

Question 80

when and how issued the general order to kill communists and jewish sympathisers

Answer 80

july 1941 | goering

Question 81

by 1941 how were Jews discriminated against

Answer 81

banned from buying radios NOVand banned from buying chocolate DEC 1939 banned from war time rationing for clothes and shores 1940, JULY they were only allowed to enter shops between 4pm-5pm 1941 jews had to wear the star of david

Question 82

why was ghettoisation invented

Answer 82

to deal with the masses of jews increasing through military conquest

Question 83

when and where was the first ghetto set up

Answer 83

1939 Poland

Question 84

describe the conditions of the ghettos

Answer 84

restrictions on food, medical supplies and goods 6 people to a room few rooms had running water disease spread easily

Question 85

describe efforts of resistance in the ghettos

Answer 85

black market for food smuggled in jewish leaders organised prays and religious festivals dispite the fact they were banned illegal schools and printing press most leaders did their best to relive suffering, however they were accused of collaborating with Nazi leaders

Question 86

who are the einsatzgruppen

Answer 86

they were a special group who were involed in mass killings, they played a role in ethnic cleansing and killed half a million jews

Question 87

by what year were jewish men routinely shot

Answer 87

1941

Question 88

What’s the different types of ghettos

Answer 88

Closed ghettos were closed off by walls, or by fences with barbed wire. Open ghettos had no walls or fences, but there were restrictions on entering and leaving Destruction ghettos were tightly sealed off and existed for between two and six weeks before the Germans and/or their collaborators deported or shot the Jewish population concentrated in them.

Question 89

you could only be german if you had pure german blood. jews and non aryans were given less rights.

Answer 89

Reich citizenship law

Question 90

it outlawed marriage between aryans and non aryans and illegal for germans to marry jews or engage in any sexual contact the law was later extended to permit any physical contact, you could be convicted if so german women were pressured to leave their jewish husbands through unemployment due to anti-sematic policies

Answer 90

Law for the protection of German blood

Question 91

defined being jewish has have 3 jewish grandfather

Answer 91

Supplementary decree for citizenship law