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The Nervous System: The eye > The Red Eye & Adnexal Oncology > Flashcards

The Red Eye & Adnexal Oncology Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

What is Uveitis

A

inflammation of the middle layer of the eye, called the uvea or uveal tract

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2
Q

What is involved in the uveal tract

A

The uveal tract includes the iris, the ciliary body, choroid, retina and blood vessels

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3
Q

What is a serious inflammation of the uveal tract called

A

Panuveitis

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4
Q

What is the presentation of uveitis

A

Pain - none/mild

Redness- pericorneal/none

Discharge - minimal/no

Vision - blurred

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5
Q

What is the causes of uveitis

A

Idiopathic

Associated with systemic disease

Infection

Masquerade
o Intraocular lymphoma
o Leukaemia

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6
Q

What systemic disease is uveitis associated with

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

Behcet’s disease

Sarcoidosis

Wegener’s

Systemic lupus erythematosis

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7
Q

What infections is uveitis associated with

A

TB

Syphilis

Toxoplasma

Heres simplex

Lyme’s disease

CMV

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8
Q

What is the treatment for uveitits

A

Treat infection

Topical anti inflammatories

Systemic steroids

Systemic immunisuppressants

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9
Q

What is the symptoms of acute angle closure glaucoma

A

Severe pain

Vomiting

Fixed, dilated pupil

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10
Q

What is the presentation of acute angle closure glaucoma

A

Pain: Severe/headache

Redness: Pericorneal

Discharge: Yes/no

Vision: Lost

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11
Q

What is the cause of acute angle closure glaucoma

A

caused by a rapid or sudden increase in intraocular pressure (IOP)

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12
Q

What is the signs of acute angle closure glaucoma

A

Mid- dilates pupil
Non responsive to light
Hard eye

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13
Q

What is the presentation of Bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Pain: None/itch

Redness: Peripheral/diffuse

Discharge: Yes/yellow

Vision: Blurred

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14
Q

What is the presentation of Bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Pain: None/itch

Redness: Peripheral/diffuse

Discharge: Yes/yellow

Vision: normal

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15
Q

What is the presentation of viral conjunctivitis

A

Pain: None/itch

Redness: Peripheral/diffuse

Discharge: Yes/watery

Vision: normal

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16
Q

What is the presentation of allergic conjunctivitis

A

Pain: None/itch

Redness: Peripheral/diffuse

Discharge: Yes/mucous

Vision: normal

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17
Q

What is the presentation of scleritis

A

Pain: Severe/boring

Redness: Sectoral/diffuse

Discharge: No

Vision: Normal

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18
Q

What occurs in scleritis

A

serious inflammatory disease that affects the white outer coating of the eye, known as the sclera.

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19
Q

What is the presentation of corneal ulcer (open sore on the cornea)

A

Pain: severe

Redness: Pericorneal

Discharge: yes/no

Vision: lost

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20
Q

What is symptoms and signs of preseptal cellulitis

A

Pain
Redness
Lid swelling
Systemically unwell

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21
Q

What is common causes of perceptual cellulitis

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A

Lid cyst

Insect bite

22
Q

What is the signs of orbital cellulitis

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A

Pain, redness, lid swelling

Systemically unwell

Double vision

Conjunctivitis

Exophthalmos

Blurred vision

23
Q

What is the common causes for orbital cellulitis

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A
  • Sinusitis
  • Dental infections
  • Haematological spread
24
Q

What is orbital cellulitis

Study These Flashcards
A

is inflammation of eye tissues behind the orbital septum

25
What are systemic diseases than can have ophthalmic presentations
Diabetes Hypertension Autoimmune - Graves disease - rheumatoid arthritis - myaesthenia gravis Inflammatory - Ankylosing spondylitis - Crohn’s disease - Juvenile idiopathic arthritis - Sarcoidosis Infection Heamatological Inherited/genetic - Albinism - Marfan’s - Myotonic dystrophy - Neurofibromatosis Thyroid eye disease
26
Name eight benign eyelid tumours
``` Squamous cell papilloma (commonest) Basal cell papilloma (seborrhoeic keratosis) Melanocytic naevus Actinic keratosis Pyogenic granuloma Keratoacanthoma Capillary haemangioma Cavernous haemangioma (rarest) ```
27
Name six malignant eyelid tumours
Basal cell carcinoma (90-95%) Squamous cell carcinoma (2-5%) Sebaceous gland carcinoma (1-2%) Melanoma (<1%) Kaposi sarcoma (<1%) Merkel cell carcinoma (<1%)
28
What is the presentation of sqaumaous cell papilloma
Pedunculated or sessile (broad-based) Characteristic ‘raspberry’ texture Usually viral
29
How are squamous cell papilloma benign eyelid tumours treated
Excision or laser ablation
30
What is the presentation of basal cell papilloma
Greasy, brown, flat, round/oval Similar texture to squamous cell papilloma ‘Stuck on’ appearance (Unrelated to sun exposure)
31
How is basal cell papilloma treated
Excision
32
What is the presentation of mealoncytic naveus benign eye lid tumours
Composed of atypical melanocytes Location of these melanocytes influences clinical appearance and potential for malignant transformation
33
What is early signs of malignant transformation in melanocytic naves
``` A Asymmetry B Border (irregular) C Colour (variegated) D Diameter (>6mm) E Evolving (growing) ``` Concerning (suggesting nodular MM) E Elevated F Firm to touch G Growing
34
What is the presentation of pyogenic granuloma benign eyelid tumour
Fast growing, highly vascularised granuloma May follow surgery, infection, trauma Erythematous pedunculated mass Treat - excision
35
What is the presentation of actinic keratosis
Common pre-malignant condition, though relatively rare on eyelids Flat, scaly, hyperkeratotic skin, occasional forms cutaneous horn Related to sun exposure Treatment - excision or medical treatment
36
What is the presentation of keratocanthoma benign eyelid tumour
Rare, ‘squamous cell carcinoma in-situ’ Rapidly growing in otherwise healthy skin Pink papule, hyperkeratotic crater Sun exposure, immunosuppression Often spontaneous involution after 2-3/12 Treatment excision
37
What is the presentation of capillary haemangioma benign eye lid tutor
Although rare, one of the commonest tumours of infancy Predilection upper lid +/- orbital extension Amblyopia (dim vision), astigmatism treatment - B blockers - intralesion steroid - surgery
38
What is the presentation of cavernous haemangioma
Rare, congenital Well demarcated pink patch Darkens with age, does not involute Treatment - Rx Laser
39
What is the presentation of basal cell carcinoma malignant eyelid tumour
Commonest cancer worldwide Pale skin and sun exposure Locally invasive, risk of metastasis treat - Excision (2-3mm)
40
What are the features suggesting basal cell carcinoma
Slow, inexorable growth over months Usually non-pigmented, elevated, ulcerated Pearly, rolled, irregular border Telangiectasia Lack of tenderness
41
What is the 3 clinical subtypes of basal cell carcinoma
Nodular - Common - Classic firm pearly nodule Ulcerative - Common - May progress from nodular - Cycles of crusting and bleeding Morpheaform/infiltrative - Less common, - Indurated plaques
42
What is the management of basal cel carcinoma
Standard excision (3mm margin) Mohs surgery Non-surgical - Topical - Chemotherapy - Cryotherapy - Radiotherapy - Photodynamic therapy
43
What is the presentation of squamous cell carcinoma
Sun damaged skin and pre-existing AK Scaly surface over a thick plaque Growth over weeks rather than months Metastatic risk of 3-10% treatment - excision (4mm margin)
44
What is the presentation of sebaceous gland carcinoma
Nodular, indurated lid margin Yellowish discolouration (lipid content) Pagetoid spread along conjunctiva, Treat - Excision (5-10mm)
45
What is the presentation of malignant melanoma
Rare on the eyelids 3 types of cutaneous MM Treat -excision (10-30mm)
46
What is the three types of malignant melanoma and there presentations
Letingo maligna - Flat variably pigmented macule - Superficial spreading - Slightly raised pigmented plaque Nodular - Vertically invasive
47
For what malignant eyelid tumours should you consider sentinel node biopsy
Sebaceous gland carcinoma Malignnat melanoma
48
What should aslo be considered with squamous cell carcinoma
MRI | Abdomina Ultrasound
49
Name four benign orbital tumours
Capillary haemangioma Cavernous haemangioma Pleimorphic adenoma Optic nerve glioma
50
Name seven malignant orbital tumours
Lymphoma Metatatis Phabdomysarcoma Lacrimal gland sarcoma Osterosarcoma Liposarcoma Primary melanoma
51
Where also can a rare tumour occur in the eye
Lacrimal drainage tumours
52
Are the majority of orbital tumours benign or malignant
2/3 benign | 1/3 malignant

The Nervous System: The eye (11 decks)

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