The Reformation and Renaissance

Question 1

Courtier

Answer 1

An attendant at a royal court who advises the monarch.

Question 2

Council of Constance

Answer 2

A church council that took place from 1414 to 1418, resolving the Western Schism.

Question 3

Humanism

Answer 3

An intellectual movement that focused on the study of classical literature and human potential.

Question 4

Erasmus

Answer 4

A Dutch humanist and theologian who advocated for religious and social reform.

Question 5

The Renaissance

Answer 5

A period of cultural and intellectual rebirth in Europe, emphasizing art, literature, and science.

Question 6

The Gutenberg Press

Answer 6

A printing press invented by Johannes Gutenberg, which revolutionized the spread of information.

Question 7

Christian Humanism

Answer 7

A movement that combined humanist ideas with Christian beliefs and values.

Question 8

Clerical Absenteeism

Answer 8

The practice of clergy members being absent from their assigned duties.

Question 9

Indulgences

Answer 9

Pardons for sins granted by the Catholic Church, often sold to raise money.

Question 10

Pope Leo X

Answer 10

The pope who authorized the sale of indulgences, leading to criticism from Martin Luther.

Question 11

Martin Luther

Answer 11

A German monk and theologian who initiated the Protestant Reformation.

Question 12

John Calvin

Answer 12

A French theologian who developed Calvinism, a Protestant theological system.

Question 13

Henry VIII

Answer 13

The English king who broke with the Catholic Church and established the Church of England.

Question 14

Sola Scriptura

Answer 14

The belief that the Bible is the sole authority for Christian doctrine and practice.

Question 15

Sola Fide

Answer 15

The belief that faith alone is necessary for salvation, apart from good works.

Question 16

Sola Gratia

Answer 16

The belief that salvation is granted by God’s grace alone, not by human effort.

Question 17

Sola Christus

Answer 17

The belief that Christ alone is the mediator between God and humanity.

Question 18

Sola Deo Gloria

Answer 18

The belief that all glory should be given to God alone.

Question 19

The Magisterial Reformation

Answer 19

The Protestant Reformation led by magistrates and supported by the ruling authorities.

Question 20

The Radical Reformation

Answer 20

A movement within the Protestant Reformation that advocated for more radical reforms.

Question 21

The Counter Reformation

Answer 21

The Catholic Church’s response to the Protestant Reformation, aiming to reform and revive Catholicism.

Question 22

The Reconquista

Answer 22

The Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim rule.

Question 23

Mercantilism

Answer 23

An economic theory that emphasizes the accumulation of wealth through trade and colonization.

Question 24

Absolutism

Answer 24

A political system where a monarch holds absolute power and authority.

Question 25

Copernican Revolution

Answer 25

The shift from the geocentric model of the universe to the heliocentric model proposed by Copernicus.