THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Question 1

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

Breathe air through the lungs and transfer oxygen from the lungs to the blood through diffusion.

Question 2

What is external respiration?

Answer 2

Occurs in the lungs; oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the lungs (alveoli).

Question 3

What is internal respiration?

Answer 3

Occurs in the tissue of the body, where oxygen diffuses from the blood into the muscles and carbon dioxide diffuses from the muscles into the blood.

Question 4

True or False: Gaseous exchange occurs from an area of low pressure to an area of high pressure.

Answer 4

False

Question 5

Fill in the blank: Gaseous exchange occurs when gases move from an area of _______ pressure to an area of low pressure.

Answer 5

high

Question 6

What are the two types of respiration discussed?

Answer 6

• External respiration
• Internal respiration

Question 7

Where does external respiration take place?

Answer 7

In the lungs.

Question 8

Where does internal respiration occur?

Answer 8

In the tissues of the body, such as muscles and organs.

Question 9

What gas diffuses from the alveoli into the blood during external respiration?

Answer 9

Oxygen.

Question 10

What gas diffuses from the blood into the alveoli during external respiration?

Answer 10

Carbon dioxide.

Question 11

What gas diffuses from the blood into the muscles during internal respiration?

Answer 11

Oxygen.

Question 12

What gas diffuses from the muscles into the blood during internal respiration?

Answer 12

Carbon dioxide.

Question 13

What is diffusion?

Answer 13

The movement of a gas from an area of a high concentration to an area of low concentration through a semi-permeable surface (one cell thick)

Question 14

What happens during inhalation?

Answer 14

The intercostal muscles contract and pull the rib cage up and out. The diaphragm contracts, causing the chest cavity to get larger, which lowers pressure in the lungs. Air moves into the lungs from the higher outside pressure.

Question 15

What occurs during expiration?

Answer 15

The intercostal muscles relax, allowing the rib cage to return to normal. The chest cavity gets smaller, increasing pressure in the lungs, which causes air to flow out.

Question 16

What is inhalation during exercise?

Answer 16

Inhalation during exercise is an active process where breathing is deeper as the chest cavity expands further. Other muscles, such as the pectorals and the scalene muscle, assist with this.

Question 17

What is expiration during exercise?

Answer 17

Expiration becomes an active process where air has to be forced out of the lungs at a faster rate. The muscles that assist are the abdominals and the internal intercostal muscles.

Question 18

What happens to the rib cage during expiration?

Answer 18

The rib cage is forced in and down.

Question 19

What is the order of air delivery to the body?

Answer 19

Air is delivered to the body in the following order: nose/hall cavity/nath (warmed, sited, moistened), trachea, bronchi (bronchus), bronchioles (lined with mucus + cilia to filter), alveoli (air sacs), gaseous exchange.

Question 20

What is the role of bronchioles?

Answer 20

Bronchioles are lined with mucus and cilia to filter the air.

Question 21

What is exhaled during respiration?

Answer 21

Carbon dioxide is breathed out.

Question 22

What are alveoli?

Answer 22

Alveoli are in the lungs where the exchange of gases takes place.

Alveoli are small air sacs that facilitate gas exchange between the air and blood.

Question 23

How thick are alveoli and why is this important?

Answer 23

Alveoli are one cell thick, allowing diffusion to take place.

This thinness enables efficient gas exchange between the alveoli and surrounding capillaries.

Question 24

What surrounds the alveoli?

Answer 24

Alveoli are surrounded by a network of capillaries.

This network is crucial for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Question 25

What happens to oxygen in the lungs?

Answer 25

Oxygen from the lungs enters the blood. ## Footnote This process is essential for delivering oxygen to body tissues.

Question 26

What happens to carbon dioxide during respiration?

Answer 26

Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood (capillaries) to the alveoli and is breathed out. ## Footnote This is part of the body's mechanism to remove waste gases.

Question 27

What is Vital Capacity?

Answer 27

The maximum amount of air you can exhale after maximum inhalation. ## Footnote This measurement varies between individuals, particularly between men and women.

Question 28

What is the average Vital Capacity for men?

Answer 28

4-5 liters. ## Footnote Endurance athletes may have even higher capacities.

Question 29

What is the average Vital Capacity for females?

Answer 29

3-4 liters. ## Footnote Similar to men, endurance athletes may reach up to 6-7 liters.

Question 30

What is the respiration rate?

Answer 30

The number of times you breathe in a minute. ## Footnote This rate is typically lowest during sleep or rest.

Question 31

What is minute ventilation?

Answer 31

Total volume of air breathed (in and out) in one minute. ## Footnote This is an important measure of respiratory function.

Question 32

How is minute volume calculated?

Answer 32

Minute volume = Tidal volume * respiration rate. ## Footnote This formula helps assess the efficiency of breathing.

Question 33

What is the short-term effect on the respiratory system during increased activity?

Answer 33

Increased respiratory rate and deeper breathing ## Footnote This includes an increase in tidal volume and minute ventilation.

Question 34

What happens to tidal volume during increased respiratory activity?

Answer 34

Tidal volume increases along with minute ventilation ## Footnote This is a response to increased demand for oxygen.

Question 35

What role does the respiratory control center (RCC) play in breathing?

Answer 35

Sends impulses to the intercostal muscles and diaphragm to increase contraction ## Footnote This helps facilitate deeper and more frequent breaths.

Question 36

What are the long-term effects of increased respiratory activity on the intercostal muscles and diaphragm?

Answer 36

They get stronger ## Footnote This leads to increased tidal volume and minute ventilation.

Question 37

How does the capillary network around the alveoli change with long-term respiratory training?

Answer 37

The surface area for gaseous exchange increases ## Footnote This is due to the increased capillary network around the alveoli.

Question 38

What effect does an increased capillary network have on gas diffusion?

Answer 38

More CO2 and O2 can diffuse, allowing the athlete to work for longer ## Footnote Enhanced diffusion supports longer performance during exercise.

Question 39

What is the result of increased oxygen inhalation during exercise for athletes?

Answer 39

Athletes can work for longer before becoming tired ## Footnote This is due to improved respiratory efficiency.