The Respiratory System - Mace Flashcards
(44 cards)
Respiration consists of which of the following?
a) Breathing
b) Gas exchange
c) Gas transport
d) Usage of O2 to make ATP
e) all of the above
e) all of the above
What molecule is responsible for the transport of O2 in the blood?
What about CO2?
Hemoglobin is responsible for transport of O2
Bicarbonate is responsible for transport of CO2
Name the 5 functions of the respiratory system.
Respiration Sound production Odor Detection pH regulation Effects of blood pressure
Put the layers of the respiratory mucosa in order from outermost to innermost. Mucus Lamina propria Epithelium Basement membrane
Mucus
Epithelium
Basement membrane
lamina propria
Where are goblet cells found and what is their function?
Goblet cells are found within the epithelial cells and their function is to secrete mucous.
As you go deeper into the respiratory system, what changes do you notice as far as the characteristics of the epithelium?
The epithelium changes from pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium to simple ciliated columnar epithelium to simple ciliated cuboidal epithelium to simple squamous epithelium in the alveoli.
Basic concept is that the epithelium gets thinner as you go down.
What type of epithelium is found in the mouth and oropharynx?
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
T/F? The respiratory epithelium is continuous with the epithelium lining the paranasal sinuses.
True
What are the functions of the paranasal sinuses.
Warm, humidify and clean incoming air.
Lighten weight of skull.
Give resonance to voice.
What is the mucociliary escalator?
The wavelike movement of cilia against airflow towards the pharynx, starting in the trachea and bronchioles.
Where are the following shapes of cartilage found in the in the respiratory system.
C shaped rings
Full Rings
plates
C shaped rings - trachea
full rings - mainstem bronchi
plates - lobar bronchi and beyond
Which nervous system is responsible for bronchoconstriction, what about bonchodilation?
Bronchoconstriction - parasympathetic
Bronchodilation - sympathetic
What structure is responsible for determining when and alveoli has reached max inflation?
a) connective tissue
b) interalveolar septum
c) alveolar sac
d) Elastic fibers
d) elastic fibers
Crude sounds are formed into intelligible speech by all of the following except:
a) The pharynx
b) The epiglottis
c) The oral cavity
d) The tongue
e) The lips
b) the epiglottis
What is the difference between internal and external gas exchange?
External gas exchange is between the alveoli and capillaries.
Internal gas exchange is the gas exchange between RBC’s and tissues
What makes the respiratory membrane different from other membranes? Why is it important for gas exchange?
The respiratory membrane features a fused basement membrane of the alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium. It allows for easier gas exchange between alveoli and capillaries.
What structure allows for air to move from one alveoli to another?
Alveolar pores
What is the structural difference between type 1 and type 2 alveolar cells.
What about function?
Type 1 alveolar cells are wide and flat. They function in gas exchange.
Type 2 alveolar cells are thicc. They produce surfactant to keep alveoli from collapsing.
Are the left and right pleural cavities continuous or discontinuous?
Discontinuous. It prevents a pneumothorax from collapsing both lungs and prevents helps prevent infection from spreading.
Is inspiration active or passive?
Active
Is the pressure in the thoracic cavity positive or negative during inspiration?
Negative
Is quiet expiration active or passive?
passive?
Is the pressure in the intrathoracic cavity positive or negative during quiet expiration?
Positive
Which if the following are muscles of quiet breathing?
a) external intercostal
b) scalene muscles
c) respiratory diaphragm
d) two of the above
e) all of the above
d) A and C
