The Respiratory Sytstem Flashcards
State the correct passage of air
Nose, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli
What is the order of neural/chemical control for inspiration and expiration
Inspiration:
Receptors>Medulla>Phrenic nerve>diaphragm and external intercostals
Expiration:
Receptors>medulla>intercostal nerve>abdominals and internal intercostals
Describe the process of gaseous exchange
Gaseous exchange is the movement of gas molecules from an area of high concentration or partial pressure to an area of low concentration or partial pressure.
Define adrenaline
Adrenaline is the hormone that increases breathing rate in preparation for exercise
What kind of impact does the lifestyle choice smoking have on your respiratory system? (state six)
Impacts of smoking include…..
>causes irritation of the trachea and bronchi
>reduces lung function
>increases breathlessness
>damages the cell lining trachea, bronchi and bronchioles
>damages the alveoli
reduces the efficiency of gaseous exchange
>reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood
What is the difference between residual volume and tidal volume
Residual volume is the amount of air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration, whilst tidal volume is the volume of air breathed in or out per breath.
What three factors are involved in the regulation of pulmonary ventilation during exercise?
neural control, chemical control and hormonal control
What is the role of chemoreceptors?
Detect increases in blood carbon dioxide and they send impulses to the inspiration centre to increase ventilation until blood acidity has returned to normal.
Describe both the parasympathetic nervous system and the sympathetic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system:
Prepares your body for exercise so that is will increase your breathing rate
Parasympathetic nervous system:
Lowers breathing rate
What is the role of baroreceptors?
They detect a decrease in blood pressure in the aorta and carotid arteries and result in an increase of breathing rate.
