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The Rise of Dictators Flashcards

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1
Q

Proletariat

A

The working class.

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2
Q

Bolsheviks

A

Radical group - led by Lenin, seized control of the government in Russia (October 1917).

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3
Q

Cheka

A

Soviet Secret Police

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4
Q

Lenin

A

Leader of the Bolsheviks and Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR (1870-1924)

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5
Q

Provisional government

A

The temporary government that led Russia from March 1917 to November 1917.

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6
Q

Soviet

A

Council of workers & soldiers.

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7
Q

Communist Party

A

A belief in a classless society, in which all wealth & property would be owned by a community as a whole. Russia was the first country in which communists came to power (1917).

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8
Q

Joseph Stalin

A

Russian dictator (totalitarian)
Came after Lenin
Head of the Communist Party

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9
Q

Kulaks

A

Wealthy peasants in Russia.

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10
Q

Great Purge

A

Stalin imprisoned or executed over 1 million Russians to eliminate all opposition to his rule.

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11
Q

Totalitarianism

A

A political system of total authority & total control over every aspect of a society.

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12
Q

8 Characteristics of Totalitarianism

A
  1. Ideology = sets goals of the state
  2. Dynamic Leader = unite people
  3. State control of individuals = demands loyalty
  4. Methods of Enforcement = police terror; censorship
  5. Modern Technology = advanced military weapons; mass communication to spread propaganda
  6. State Control of Society = religion; education
  7. Dictatorship = exercises absolute authority
  8. One-party rule = dominates the government
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13
Q

Five Year Plan

A

Plans by Stalin to bring Russia into the industrial age, the government took control of all businesses & distributed all resources.

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14
Q

Collective Farm

A

A farm owned & operated by a peasants as a group.

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15
Q

Einstein

A

Developed new ideas on space,time, energy & matter - theory of relativity.

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16
Q

Freud

A

Creator of Psychoanalysis which worked to treat mental illness.

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17
Q

Lost Generation

A

The generation who came shortly after WWI.

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18
Q

Picasso

A

Painter who developed Cubism.

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19
Q

Great Depression

A

Economic crisis beginning with stock market crash in 1929.

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20
Q

Fascism

A

A totalitarian system led by a dictator and emphasizing nationalism, militarism, and often racism. (Italy & Mussolini)

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21
Q

Nazism

A

German political party emphasizing nationalism, racism, and war. Hitler

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22
Q

Black Shirts

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A

Italian secret police (Mussolini.)

23
Q

Nuremburg Laws

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A

German/Nazi Laws in 1935 & that took rights away from Jews.

24
Q

Kristallnacht

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A

Night of Broken Glass, when the Nazis killed or injured many jews & destroyed many jewish properties.

25
Benito Mussolini
Italian fascist dictator.
26
Adolf Hitler
German politician & the leader of the Nazi Party. Hitler was at the center of WWII & the Holocaust.
27
Gestapo
Nazi (German) secret police.
28
Lebensraum
"Living space". Desire for the Nazis to expand into other countries for the growing German race.
29
Mein Kampf
Is a book by Adolf Hitler. Its part autobiography & partly outlines his political and racist views.
30
Anti-Semitism
Prejudice, hatred of, or discrimination against Jews.
31
Appeasement
Policy of giving into a leaders demands in order to keep the peace (used by allies to avoid WWII & keep Hitler happy).
32
Francisco Franco
Led a revolt that touched off Spanish Civil War. Later became Dictator of Spain 1936.
33
Spanish Civil War
A military revolt against the government in Spain. Mussolini & Hitler backed Franco & the Rebels.
34
Munich Conference
1938 Conference in which British & French chose to appease Hitler and persuaded the Czechs to surrender the some land in exchange for promise that he would not expand Germany's territory any further. (The Czech's were not invited to participate.)
35
How did WWI help to bring about the Russian Revolution?
It drained Russian resources at home (people starving) & exposed very incompetent leader (Tsar Nicholas II) & 2 million had died in WWI.
36
What groups made up the Red Army and the White Army?
Red Army = the Bolsheviks (Communists) | White Army = the Anti-Bolsheviks(Anti-Communists)
37
What are the key traits of a totalitarian state?
One party's dictatorship regulates every aspect of citizens lives. (8)
38
What are some ways totalitarian rulers keep their power?
Terror Propaganda Censorship Charismatic leader
39
How did the Soviet economy change under the direction of Stalin?
Became a Government controlled economy. Government owned all businesses & distributed all resources.
40
How did WWI lead to the downfall of Czar Nicholas II?
Huge number of casualties in WWI Starvation on the home front Exposed him as a highly ineffective leader
41
Why did the provisional government fail?
1) Failed to end WWI | 2) Failed to deal with land reform
42
Explain the causes and outcome of Russia’s civil war.
Huge lossess in WWI Starvation at home Nicholas had his head in the war & not at home Lenin & Bolsheviks took over & executed himl
43
What individual freedoms are denied in a totalitarian state?
All of them- freedom of speech, economy, religion, education, & individual
44
How did Joseph Stalin create a totalitarian state in the Soviet Union?
``` Terror/fear Propaganda Censorship Charismatic leader Controlled everything killing anyone who spoke out against him. ```
45
Why were the ideas of Einstein and Freud so revolutionary?
They changed the way people thought of the world.
46
How did WWI change the balance of economic power in the world?
Most of Europe left in shambles & in debt. America was hardly touched by the war & was in a much stronger position after WWI.
47
What factors led to the rise of fascism in Italy?
Italy bankrupt & lots of unemployment after WWI. Needed a strong leader to get them out of it.
48
How did Hitler maintain power?
``` Terror/fear Propaganda Censorship Charismatic leader Secret police (Gestapo) ```
49
Why did the leadership of many eastern European nations fall to dictators?
Devastation of WWI made them want 'strong leaders' to get them back on track.
50
Which countries formed the Axis Powers?
Germany, Italy & Japan in WWII
51
What were the effects of isolationism and appeasement?
Non-participation in international relations & appeasing leaders like Hitler led to rise in dictators throughout Europe & WWII.
52
For what political and economic reasons did the Italians turn to Mussolini?
Bankrupt Unemployment Wanted a strong leader to get them out of it
53
What beliefs and goals did Hitler express in Mein Kampf?
Nationalism, Racism & anti-semitism | (Lebensraum) via invading territories.
54
Why was Germany’s reoccupation of the Rhineland a significant turning power toward the war?
It broke the rules of Treaty of Versailles. | France would appease Hitler, allowing him to break the Versailles Treaty & giving him more power in the eyes of Germans.

World History (4 decks)

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