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The rise of Hitler and Nazi Germany Flashcards

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1
Q

How did the depression affect Germany?

A

High unemployment meant people found the Nazi message more appealing and voted for them.

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2
Q

When did Hitler become Chancellor?

A

January 1933

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3
Q

When was the Reichstag fire?

A

February 1933

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4
Q

Which political party did the Nazis blame the fire on?

A

The communists

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5
Q

When was the Enabling Act passed?

A

March 1933

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6
Q

How did the Enabling Act help Hitler secure power?

A

It gave him powers of a dictator. He used it to ban other political parties, make Trades Unions Nazi and took control of local governments

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7
Q

What does Gleichschaltung mean?

A

“Bringing Germany into line’

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8
Q

During the period of Gleichschaltung who was affected?

A

The jewish were persecuted by law, Trades unions were shut down as were political oppositions

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9
Q

When was the night of the long knives?

A

June 1934

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10
Q

Who was the leader of the SA that was killed during the night of the long knives?

A

Ernst Rohm

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11
Q

How did the night of the long knives help Hitler?

A

The army became loyal to the Nazis; The SA’s power was reduced; A culture of fear was created.

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12
Q

When did President Hinderberg die?

A

August 1934

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13
Q

How did Hindenbergs death help Hitler?

A

The German Army swore and oath of loyalty to Hitler. Hitler combined the offices of chancellor and President to become ‘Fuhrer’ (meaning ‘leader’)

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14
Q

What was the Reichstag?

A

The German seat of government (like Britain’s Parliament)

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15
Q

What was the SA?

A

The ‘storm troopers’. The Nazis army (different to Germany’s Army). It lost its strength after the night of the long knives.

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16
Q

What was the SS?

A

Hitler personal Army. They gained strength after the night of the long knives. The members we purely ‘aryan’

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17
Q

What was the enabling act?

A

The law passed that meant hitler could pass laws without consulting the recihstag

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18
Q

What was a Fuhrer?

A

The title Hitler created after hindenberg died. It means ‘Leader’.

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19
Q

How did the Nazis control Germany?

A

Propaganda; Terror; Weak Opposition; The Nazis we’re popular

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20
Q

Who was the head of propaganda in Nazi Germany?

A

Josef Goebbels

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21
Q

Who lead the SS?

A

Heinrich Himmler

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22
Q

What was the gestapo?

A

Nazi Secret Police

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23
Q

What examples of terror did the Nazis use?

A

Nazis controlled the police, the judges, they used the SS and the gestapo and they used concentration camps

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24
Q

What examples of propaganda did the Nazis use?

A

Newspaper, Posters, “people’s radio” sets, Rallies, Film, Berlin olympics

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25
What political groups opposed the Nazis?
The communists and the social democrats
26
Why were political groups not effective?
Social Democrats and Communists remained divided. Communists were identified and arrested by Gestapo
27
Name the anti-nazi Protestant church?
The confessional Church
28
Who led the Confessional Church?
Martin Niemoller
29
What was the church ineffective at opposing the Nazis?
Nazis closed down church schools and arrested some church leaders, like Niemoller
30
What was the name of the “Nazi” Church?
Reich Church
31
In what ways was the church successful in opposing the Nazis?
6000 pastors joined the confessional church; Cardinal Galen criticised the Nazis successfully.
32
What youth groups opposed the Nazis?
Swing Kids; Young Communists; Edelweiss pirates
33
What is a concentration camp?
A prison for people who went against the Nazi regime.
34
What is denunciation?
To tell Nazi authorities about someone who is not loyal to the Nazi regime
35
What is propaganda?
Exaggerated or even false information that is published in order to influence people.
36
How did the life of workers improve in nazi germany?
Most people had a job; average wages rose; beauty of labour improved conditions
37
How did the life of workers get worse in Nazi Germany?
Trades unions were abolished; people forced into National Labour Service; cost of living rose
38
What was one condition of the marriage loan?
The wife had to leave her job
39
In what ways were nazi policies towards women successful?
Marragies increases to 772,000 by 1939; number of women on higher education dropped
40
In what ways were nazi policies towards women unsuccessful?
Births dropped by 1939;number of women in employment increased (3.3 million in industry )
41
In what ways were nazi policies towards women unsuccessful?
Births dropped by 1939;number of women in employment increased (3.3 million in industry )
42
What roles were children prepared for at school?
Girls to be housewives/mothers Boys to be soldiers
43
In what ways were Nazi policies towards children successful?
School lessons designed to indoctrinate children; specialist schools for leaders; Hitler Youth made compulsory in 1939.
44
In what ways were nazi policies toward children unsuccessful?
Many children bored by hitler youth and resented the message. 3 million had not joined by 1938
45
What were jews banned from in March 1933
Jewish lawyers banned from conducting legal affairs in Berlin
46
What did the Nuremberg laws of 1935 involve?
Marriages between aryans and jews banned. Jews are no longer citizens
47
What happened on Kristallnacht in 1938
267 synagogues destroyed; 91 jews killed; 30,000 Jews sent to concentration camps
48
What did jews have to do by 1939?
Jews had to hand over jewellery gold silver and pearls
49
What was Eugenics?
The study of improving the human race. It’s not at all considered a science today.
50
What was the ‘Beauty of Labour’?
Aimed to improve the workplace by building new toilets, showers and facilities
51
What were Adolf Hitler Schools?
Schools for Children who were seen at the future leaders of Nazi Germany. They were not very successful
52
What was Hitler Youth?
Groups (a bit like scouts) for indoctrinating children and encouraging physical exercise
53
What’s Indoctrination?
Brainwashing e.g making sure schools indoctrinated children into Nazi children
54
What kind of problem did Germans have when war broke out?
Foods, clothing, shoes and coal were strictly rationed; German civilians spent much time queuing and the quality of products was reduced. In the spring of 1940, the RAF began bombing campaigns in Germany.
55
What kind of problem did Germans have when war broke out?
Foods, clothing, shoes and coal were strictly rationed; German civilians spent much time queuing and the quality of products was reduced. In the spring of 1940, the RAF began bombing campaigns in Germany.
56
What items were soon rationed in Germany once the war started?
Bread, potatoes, butter, milk, eggs, cheese, and cereal
57
By 1941 what percentage of Germans were in war-related work?
55%
58
Who was made minister of Armaments and war production
Albert Speer
59
How did war change the lives for women?
1.5 million were in the workforce by 1941
60
Who carried out the 1944 bomb plot against Hitler?
Colonel Von Stauffenberg
61
Who carried out the 1944 bomb plot against Hitler?
Colonel Von Stauffenberg
62
Which religious leaders publicly criticised Hitler?
Dietrich Bonhoeffer and Cardinal Galen
63
How did the white rose group critique the Nazis?
Leaflets. One was called “an appeal to all germans”
64
Who led the White Rose Group?
Sophie and Hans Scholl
65
What examples of passive resistance were there?
Reading banned literature; listening to the BBC; hiding jews
66
How did total war impact people in Germany?
Women to join the war effort; more shortages; more propaganda.
67
How many people died in the bombing or Dresden?
25,000
68
What did Goebbels do to ensure Germany was focused on war?
1/2 a million workers had to be soldiers; forced labour from other countries; more propaganda
69
When did the Nazis Surrender?
May 1945
70
What is military expenditure?
The amount a country spends on war
71
What is Passive Resistance?
Non-Violent opposition
72
What is Total War?
When everyone is enlisted to support the war effort
73
What is Volkstrum?
Peoples storm (army). An army of young and old not already fighting. It was ineffective
74
What did the Nazis aim to achieve in Poland?
Himmler in 1940 tried an experimental strategy in Poland - to remove as many of the Polish and Slavic people as possible and replace them with Germans
75
Why did the Nazis treat the Netherlands better?
Dutch people were considered by the Nazis to have an “Aryan background”
76
What did the Nazis do to the polish people?
Between 1939-46 over 1.5 million Poles were deported and forced to work in labour camps
77
What else demonstrated the Nazis were less harsh to the Netherlands?
The dutch eduction system wasn’t changed as the Nazis knew there would be backlash to this.
78
What else demonstrated the Nazis were less harsh to the Netherlands?
The dutch eduction system wasn’t changed as the Nazis knew there would be backlash to this.
79
What happened to the 1944 Polish Uprising?
The uprising was brutally crushed by the Nazis
80
Which kind of resistance happened in the netherlands?
Anti-Nazi leaflets were printed card and registry offices were attacked to gain access to ration cards and blank identity cards.
81
What was the name of France that collaborated with the Nazis?
Vichy France
82
When did the Nazis start putting Jews in ghettos?
1940
83
How many Jewish people did the Einsatzgruppen killed in 1941?
Around 1 million
84
What was the name of the gas used to kill Jewish people?
Zyklon B
85
What did senior Nazis decide at the Wannsee Conference in 1942?
To mass murder all jewish people in Europe
86
How many people died in Auschwitz?
About 1.1 million
87
Who was Hans Frank?
The name of the Nazi Governor in charge of part of Poland
88
What is Ghetto?
Enclosed districts where Jews would live in isolation from non-jewish people
89
What is Einsatzgruppen?
Killing units which were made of SS, police and locals When they reached villages the Einsatzgruppen rounded up Jews and communists
90
What was the Wehrmacht?
The german army

History (2 decks)

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