Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

22/23 Learning > The Rise of Islam and the Muslim World > Flashcards

The Rise of Islam and the Muslim World Flashcards

(74 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

oasis

A

place in desert with water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

irrigation

A

artificially watering plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

bedouins

A

● Indigenous to Arabian Peninsula
● Nomadic herders (travel around place to place)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

kaabah - islamic significance, economic significance, and pagan significance

A

the holiest site in islam. it was a thriving trade/pilgrimage center. b4 islam the kafiruun had idols inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Muhammad (PBUH) desc, bday, career, and 1st wife

A

the last and best prophet of islam he was born to bani hashem april 22, 571 CE
* Shepherd in youth, later successful merchant w/ caravans
● Married Khadija @ 25,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Mecca

A

Mecca
● Market/trade center
● @ crossroads of main caravan routes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

1st holiest city

A

Mecca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

2nd holiest city

A

Medina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3rd holiest

A

Jerusalem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Jibreel/Gabriel

A

liaison between Allah and Muhammad PBUH. he reveals Quran verses to him

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Muhammad PBUH’s revelation

A

In Cave of Hira in Ramadan, angel Jibreel came and squeezed Muhammad so
hard he could barely breathe and said “Read!”. Muhammad (PBUH) replied “Idk how to read” (he was illiterate). This happened like two or three more times until Jibreel revealed the first five verses of Surat al-Alaq (Chapter 96)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Muhammad PBUH is:

who’s messenger
what city’s ruler
role model to who and w what?
what did Islam do to arabs

A

allah’s messenger and medina’s ruler. #1 role model to muslims with hadiths and sunnah. the islam he spread united Arabs and put everyone on an equal pedestal under allah regardless of status.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Muhammad PBUH’s role as a prophet, what did islam do to the arabs

A

allah’s messenger and medina’s ruler. #1 role model to muslims with hadiths and sunnah. the islam he spread united Arabs and put everyone on an equal pedestal under allah regardless of status.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

hijra cause and impact

A

622: Muslims threatened w/ murder, moved to Yathrib under invitation. this became the first year of the islamic calendar. there, thousands reverted to islam and makkans were defeated in battle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Medina مدينه

A

Yathrib’s new name. it means city in arabic, symbolizing how medina is THE city, an example of how a city should be

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

another name of medina

A

مدينه النبي Medina-tunnabi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Idols… who worshipped them, what did they represent, when were they destroyed, and significance

A
  • were worshipped by the kafiruun before islam. they represented gods and goddesses using animism. the ones in the kaabah were destroyed by muhammad after mecca was conquered in 630. they were super important to the trade and tourism industry in mecca
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

monotheism

A

the belief in one god.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

which 3 religions believe in monotheism

A

Islam, Christianity, Judaism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

animism definition

A

believing there’s a soul in everything including plants/inanimate objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the quran def

A

unchanged book of islam, allah promised to preserve it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

teachings of quran

A

○ We are responsible for our own actions, not like christianity where youll go to heaven by default
○ Judgement Day: Will stand b4 Allah, receive our book of deeds, and either go to Jannah or Jahannam
○ No priests acting as a liaison between us and God

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

five pillars of islam

A

Shahaadah: Declaration of faith. “I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and Muhammad
is His messenger.”

Salah: Daily prayer. Must first purify with wuduu (ritual washing) and face the Qiblah (direction
of Kaabah) to pray

Zakat: Annual charity to poor. If you meet the Zakaat conditions you must donate 2.5% of your
extra wealth to the poor

Sawm ul-Ramadan: Fasting in Ramadan - Fajr to Maghrib time for 30 days

Hajj: Pilgrimage to Mecca. All Muslims who are physically and financially able should do it at
least once in their lives.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

jihad

A

Jihad: Struggle in God’s service. There are 3 types
1.) Fighting against visible enemies of Islam (islamophobes)
2.) Fighting against Satan’s temptations
3.) Fighting against worldly lust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
who are the people of the book
jews, christians, zoroastrians.
25
people of the book in arabic
اهل الكتاب
26
why are the ahl ul kitab superior to polytheists
bc they believe in one god
27
what religious freedoms did ahl ul kitab get
- Jizya taxes were much lower ○ Children didn’t have to be forced into military
28
Sharia def
Islamic system of law. quran basis for all legal situations
29
what does sharia do
Regulate moral conduct, family life, business practices, gov, and other Islamic affairs ○ Served to unite and create common culture in Muslim world
30
abu bakr
first male convert and 1st of 4 khulafaa2 ar-rashidun, successor of Muhammad PBUH. initiated expansion of Islam to Syria and Iraq and looked @ religion to move on
31
caliph
islamic rulers, not religious leaders. voted for in bai’ah (pledge of obedience)
32
Cordoba capital of what what center of learning, who was employeed who translated what to what *** knowledgeable place in Europe during the Dark Ages
capital of muslim spain. second center of learning. rulers employed Jews and Christians to study science and philosophy of Greeks and Romans. Jews translated Arabic works to Latin Flourish bc of trade, knowledge most knowledgeable place in Europe during the Dark Ages
32
.
.
33
The Alhambra
الحمراء
34
Alhambra def features what does it mark for Muslims in spain what did it have
Fortified palace in Granada Lovely gardens, reflecting pools and finely decorated marble columns Marks a high point of Muslims in Spain Pointed arches, maybe flying buttresses Geometric/natrure forms, stylized writing (calligraphy) for art
35
Sunni beliefs regarding caliph
Felt that caliph should be chosen by leaders of Muslims in hall of banu sa’idah Viewed caliph simply as religious leader not religious authority
36
Shiites
Believed that true successors were descendants of Muhammad PBUH: Fatima (daughter) and Ali (cousin) Shiites died in battle against Sunni, admired martyrdom Descendants of Prophet PBUH were divinely inspired
37
90% of muslims are...
sunni
38
where do shiites live
Iran, Lebanon, Iraq, and Yemen
39
how many sects in islam
73
40
Sufi def and action
Muslim mystics Meditate, fast, and do other rituals Respected for piety and miraculous powers Helped spread Islam like Christian monks/nuns In remote villages, blending local traditions and beliefs to Muslim culture
41
Wahabi
conservative islam
42
ISIS/Taliban
political, extremists of Islam. they are un-Islamic
43
Umayyad Family 661-750 who started it and what kind of army did he build and where
Dynasty started with Mu’awiyah, Muslim general in Syria who built army strong enough to defeat Byzantines
44
umayyad: location of capital, capital's importance/contribution, what elements incorporated into gov, what expanded the arab empire, and what flowed
Set capital in Damascus in Syria, most important city and responsible 4 expansion. Byzantine and Persian elements get incorporated into gov. Victories expanded Arab empire wealth flowed
45
who did umayyads rely on to rule and their impact
local officials (jews, greeks, persians). As a result Byzantine and Persian traditions influenced Arab rulers
46
problems of umayyads transition tension court hate arabs
Adapt to transition from desert life to ruling large cities and territories tension between economic classes - lower class resenting upper class Court system becomes corrupt because they abandoned Islamic values Shiites hated Umayyads for assassinating Ali, causing rebellions Unrest among non-Arab converts bc they had fewer rights than Arabs
47
abbasid ethnicity, established what dominance, reached its what, what flourished, what was official language, what was built ground up, and what was maintained from persians
More Persian than Arab, strong persian influence Ended Arab dominance, making Islam truly universal Empire reached its greatest wealth and power, Muslims in golden age, trade flourishes Arabic stays official language baghdad built from ground up trade routes maintained from persians
48
largest accumulation of knowledge
Library of Alexandria
49
how was abbassids founded in 750
750 Abu al-Abbas defeated Umayyads in Damascus Syria. then one of his generals invited them to a banquet and killed them all
50
who established baghdad as capital
caliph al-mansur
51
baghdad location, military quality, rivers, and size comparison to contantinople
its in present day Iraq excellent military camp tigris river connects 2 china baghdad bigger than constantinople in size and wealth
52
center of islamic world and knowledge where
baghdad
53
what subjects did baghdad feature
literature, philosophy, entertainment
54
where was house of wisdom
baghdad
55
what was the house of wisdom? and how would texts be brought back? who was employed there
a grand library. when a region would be conquered, text is taken and brought back to translate, and ppl were sent out to bring text/knowledge back to Baghdad (india, China, etc). educated scholars employed
56
who would flock to the abbasid courts
Poets, scholars, philosophers, entertainers
57
who sold goods in baghdad and to where
Merchants sold goods from Africa, Asia, and Europe
58
when was the abbasid peak
under reign of caliph Harun al-Rashid (ruling 786-809)
59
whos harun al rashid? what was he a symbol of, and what was he known for
Model ruler both Europe and Muslim world Symbol of wealth and splendor Wealthy, generous, loves learning
60
house of wisdom arabic
بيت الحكمه (bayt al-hikmah)
61
who founded bayt al-hikmah and architecture of arts
Harun al-Rashid
62
harun al-rashid's relation w/ other Frankish rulers what did he send Charlemagne hoped who would join him in alliance against Umayyads funded what 2 things founded what?
Created closer ties w/ other Frankish rulers Sent Charlemagne several gifts Hoped franks would join him in alliance against rival Umayyad in Spain Funded architecture and arts founded house of wisdom
63
who gathered to harun al rashid's court in baghdad
Poets, physicians, philosophers gather @ his court in Baghdad
64
damascus capital of what and what its responsible for
umayyad capital in syria. most important city thats responsible for its expansion
65
Seljuk Turks are invaders from where
invaders from Turkistan like Huns
66
what did seljuk turks... adopt what build empire across what invaded into where threatened who started what wars
Migrated and adopted Islam Built empire across Fertile Crescent Invaded into Asia Minor (geographic region), threatening Byzantines gave christians an excuse to start crusades for attacking christian pilgrims
67
Pope Urban II
....was asked for help from Byzantine Emperor Alexius I to help fight off the Turks united christian knights to fight against turks
68
1095, Council of Clermont. what did urban do and how
Urban unites bishops and nobles unite to “free” the Holy Land with a misinformative and exaggerated speech abt muslims
69
Holy Land = ? and why
Palestine, esp Jerusalem b/c Associated with Jesus and his life
70
why did the muslims lose to the crusaders
because Islamic empire was divided, not bc christians more powerful
71
1216 - genghiz khan came from where and captured and burned what
Led Mongols out of Central Asia across Persia and Mesopotamia ruthless On horse, capture Bagdad and burned down House of Wisdom
72
place in desert with water
oasis

22/23 Learning (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions