The Rise of Macedon Flashcards
(37 cards)
Phillip held in Thebes
- Recieved a philosophic, military and diplomatic education
- Stayed in house of Pammenes a famous theban general
- Spent time with Epaminodad another theban general
- This happened during the time thebes defeated sparta 371, theban domination of greece for 10 years
What advantages would phillips experience in thebes have given him
- Able to speak with the generals who defeated sparta
- Witnessed the strategies of Thebans and how they held hegemony over greece
- Saw the strengths and weaknesses of greek politcal system
Diodorus on Phillips achievements (16.1)
“For phillip was king over the Macedonian’s for 24 years, and having started from the most insignificant beginnings built up his kingdom to be the greatest of the dominions of Europe.”
How did Phillip deal with the threat from Athens
-Immediately released Athenian Prisoners he has taken during battle of Methane.
-Withdrew from Amphipolis and declared it autonomous
-Sent ambassadors to Athens and persuaded assembly to make peace on the grounds he had forfeited his claim to Amphipolis.
DIPLOMACY
How did Phillip deal with the Paeonians, Thracians and Illyrians?
Made leave with Paeonians and Thracians through gifts and generous promises
Then attacked Paeonians once their king died and led an expedition into Illyrian territory and defeated them.
OPPORTUNISM
How did Phillip capture Amphipolis?
When Athens became so heavily involved with the sacred war he chose that moment to lay seige
Why did Phillip make an alliance with Olynthus?
Needed it to gain supremacy. Brought phillip into immediate rivalry with Athens.
AIMS = CONQUEST OF GREECE?
Why do you think Phillip treated the Athenian garrison at Potidea well?
- Made rivals with them recently and didn’t want to make it worse
- Strategic move so athens don’t hate macedonia
DIPLOMACY
List some of Phillips Military reforms (7)
-Retrained the army
-Introduced Macedonian Phalanx
-Made the army professional, Hypastas paid 1 drachma a day.
-Greeces first professional army, large, trained, heavily armed, fast.
-Grants land to army members, made army more desirable
-Use of foreign troops. Loyalty secured with land and money. Each new conquest brought new men. ROLLING ECONOMY
-Between 352 & 358 infantry doubled in size
What does Demosthenes suggest about Phillips and his court? Why shouldn’t you trust it
That they were sycophants and drunks who spent their time making rude songs and being unfunny. He was known for hating Phillip and wanting athenian supremacy back
Justin’s opinion of Phillips actions that corroborate with what he done at Amphipolis.
“He was equally pleasing and treacherous in his address, promising more than he could perform.”
What happened to Phillip in 356?
- Got Crenides
- Took Potidea
- Birth of Alexander
Why did taking Crenides help Phillip?
Crenides has very good mines. Phillip increased productivity and drained marsh land. Was able to obtain, from the mines alone, 1000 talents a year.
Phillips coin
To celebrate the good year he had in 356 he made a new coin called Phillipon. Made out of GOLD!
Example of Macedonias improving economy
How did Phillip get involved in the 3rd Sacred War?
-Phocians refused to pay a fine (500 talents, more money the Athenian confederation brought in each year) imposed on them by Amphictyonic League.
-Couldn’t afford (got doubled for not paying) so launched a strike and seized Delphi.
- Plundered the shrine to cover the costs of the war.
- War declared
Why was the battle of the Crocus Field a significant victory for Phillip? (Phocians V Macedonians & Thessalians)
- Earned Phillip considerable prestige
- The aftermath of the victory made the Thessalians appoint Phillip “archon of Thessaly”
- Gave him all control over the revenues of Thessaly and made him leader of the Thessalian army
What happened after Phillip was named archon of Thessaly ?
- Began marching his troops south to the pass of Thermopylae, gateway to central greece.
- Athenians dispatched a force to Thermopylae and occupied the pass stopping phillip from further military action.
- Wouldn’t of wanted him to access central greece, where they got their taxes from.
-Could be gathering support as they marched, Athens couldn’t survive another invasion
Organising and securing an expanding Macedonia
Targeted towns which were rich in natural resources (Crenides)
OPPORTUNISM
What difference did the money from the mines of crenides make to phillip? Why did he change the name to Phillippi?
- able to increase their output to being 1000 talents plus
- organise a large force of mercenaries and used the coins for bribes and induced many greeks to become betrayers
- demonstration of power and to expand the tales of his glory
AIMS = GLORY AND CONQUEST OF GREECE
349 BC
- aim of taking over the whole Chalchidic peninsula
- specifically most powerful city in the region, Olynthus
AIM = CONQUEST OF GREECE
How was Olynthus defeated by Phillip?
Diodorus quote?
Through BRIBES!
“it was far more by the use of gold than of arms that he had enlarged his kingdom”
16.53 - 54
What did Phillip do once he had control of Olynthus?
- Macedonians slaughtered through.
- Put survivors into slavery
- Razed to the ground
- Message to his enemies and anyone who thought of breaking his trust.
- As Olynthus was most powerful in Chalkdeon league, he had cut the head of the snake off. Rest of the league didn’t try anything.
- Gained the leagues resources and then executed his half brother
How does justin present Phillips actions during the siege of Olynthus?
- he enjoyed killing his brothers
“and the gratification of his fratricidal inclinations” - says he was afraid of being surpassed by his enemies so he “seized and plundered” cities he was on good terms with
- acted treacherously
Phillips acts of diplomacy during the 3rd Sacred War
- Allowed Phalaecus and his army to surrender “whithersoever he wished” and didn’t kill them
- Respect of green matters. Called a meeting to allow green matters to be discussed by a Greek body. Clemency
DIPLOMACY
