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Germany3: The Nazi Experiment 1929-49 > The Rise of the Nazis > Flashcards

The Rise of the Nazis Flashcards

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1
Q

What was Hitler’s achievements/takeaways from WW1?

A

Found purpose in the War, awarded first class Iron Cross as corporal (ordinary soldier)
Temporarily blinded after the war

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2
Q

What happens in September 1919 to triggers Hitler’s involvement in politics?

A

Hitler sent to spy on the German Workers’ Party (DAP) but joins and becomes a committee member

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3
Q

What happened in February 1920 in terms of Hitler reforming the DAP?

A

With Drexler, Hitler draws up 25 Point Programme and name changes to NSDAP

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4
Q

How does Hitler become NSDAP leader?

A

Weak leader (Drexler), Hitler quickly outmanoeuvres leader and becomes chair
Appeals to the right and left in the title- may fall for it

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5
Q

What happens in July 1921 in terms of Hitler consolidating his power?

A

Hitler becomes chairman and Fuhrer after threatening to resign. Helped by upper-class contacts e.g. Ludendorff

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6
Q

What did Hitler establish in August 1921?

A

Hitler establishes the SA (Brown shirts, Storm Troopers) and Volkischer Beobachter.

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7
Q

What happens to Hitler in January 1922?

A

Hitler let off lightly after conviction for breaking up a meeting.

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8
Q

What did Hitler do in November 1923 and what did he learn from it?

A

Munich Putsch fails but lessons are learnt
- Learnt to win power through democracy (Hitler changes strategy)
- Gains national media publicity through his trial and powerful speech

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9
Q

What does Hitler achieve in February 1924?

A

Hitler achieves great propaganda success at trial

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10
Q

What does Hitler do between March to December 1924?

A

Hitler writes Mein Kampf in Landsberg Prison

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11
Q

How does the NSDAP fare whilst Hitler is in prison?

A

Small election gains after hyper-inflation crisis but Party nearly falls apart in Hitler’s absence

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12
Q

What does Hitler do in 1925 after prison?

A

Hitler refounds the party: aim to win power at ballot box

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13
Q

How does Hitler consolidate his power in February 1926?

A

Bamberg meeting: Hitler finally gains full control and establishes a Fuhrer party; Heil Hitler salute adopted. However, faces criticism from socialist wing in the north under Strasser

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14
Q

How does the NSDAP improve between 1925-28?

A

Party organisation improved; 100,000 members by 1928

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15
Q

How does the NSDAP fare in the 1928 elections?

A

Elections; slight overall losses but significant gains in some rural Areas
Rural areas feel left behind,

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16
Q

How does the NSDAP do in the 1929 elections?

A

Local election gains e.g. take control of first city, Coburg

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17
Q

What political moves does Hitler make in 1929?

A

Hitler helps lead the Anti-Young Plan referendum campaign and joins the National Opposition; increased respectability as a result

  • Aligns with DVNP, gets more respect
  • Still fails to pass the Anti-Young Plan
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18
Q

What happens politically in March 1930?

A

Fall of Muller’s SPD coalition government due to economic crisis

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19
Q

What is the significance of the fall of the Grand Coalition?

A

Most significant short term cause for Nazi rise to power
No other majority party to take over as stable government- parties are all in disagreement
Weimar democracy dies here

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20
Q

How does the NSDAP fare in the September 1930 elections?

A

Nazis make major gains to become second largest party in the Reichstag. Hitler builds up SS as rival to SA

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21
Q

Why do people begin to listen more to the Nazi party?

A

People are vulnerable and listen to the Nazi party, give them a chance to rule unlike the other older parties that have failed, give chance to a new party

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22
Q

What is the significance of the September 1930 elections to the Nazi party?

A

Breakthrough election- from nowhere to 2nd largest party (abilities of proportional representation system to let extremist parties in)

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23
Q

What rebellions happen in October 1930?

A

Berlin SA mutiny over reactionary policies of leadership

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24
Q

What happens to the SA in February 1931?

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A

Berlin SA is purged of leadership inc. Stennes.
- Goebbels put in charge of more centralised Reich Propaganda

25
What Nazi cooperation occurs in October 1931?
Nazis and DNVP co-operate in the Harzburg Front
26
What promises does Hitler make in January 1932 to increase support for Nazi party?
Hitler meets industrialists to reassure them about Nazi Policies e.g. promises to weaken trade unions
27
What is the Unemployment crisis like in 1932?
Unemployment officially over 6 million Bruning tries and fails to help- cuts government spending which deepened the crisis Unemployment was visible to the people
28
What happens at the April 1932 presidential elections?
Presidential election sees Hindenburg re-elected but Hitler’s campaign (The Fuhrer Over Germany) helps to increase his profile – secures 37% of the vote More younger, dynamic Hitler- gained him visibility to the public
29
What happens to the SA in April 1932?
Bruning bans the SA due to violence - Bruning is ousted for Papen
30
What happens to the SA in June 1932?
Papen lifts the ban on the SA
31
What is the electoral success of the Nazi Party like in July 1932?
Nazis become the largest party in the Reichstag with 37% of the vote. Extremist parties win a majority in the Reichstag.
32
Why is the Nazi party becoming the largest party in July 1932 significant?
SPD since 1912 WAS largest party- significant turning point
33
What happens to Hitler in August 1932?
Hindenburg refuses to appoint Hitler as Chancellor Hitler expects the position, Hindenburg doesn't respect Hitler as uneducated Corporal that leads the SA- turns down the vice chancellor position that he was offered
34
Why does Hitler turn down the Vice Chancellor position Hindenburg offers him in August 1932?
easier to push agenda as Chancellor or opposition, but not as part of government
35
What are the November 1932 elections defined by?
Financial problems
36
How did the Nazi Party do in the November 1932 elections?
Nazis lose 2 million votes and 34 Reichstag deputies However, still the largest party
37
Why did the Nazi's lose votes in the November 1932 election?
some voters disillusioned as they had power. Other middle class voters alienated by Nazi efforts to win Working Class support (e.g. backed Berlin transport strike in Nov 1932).
38
What happens in December 1932?
Schleicher’s attempt to split the NSDAP; Strasser resigns General (from the army) was delusional to think trade unions would support him - Party membership stands at 800,000 but high turnover - NSDAP and KPD only parties not associated with a discredited government
39
What deal is made in January 1933?
Hitler and Papen make a deal to form a government
40
Why does Papen trust Hitler and make a deal to form a government in January 1933?
Papen thought he could use Hitler as a puppet, didn't take him seriously and thought he could rule as vice chancellor Use majority of Conservative Nationalists to control the Nazi Party
41
How is Nazi Party support in January 1933?
Nazis make gains in Lippe state elections; SA membership 500,000 compared to Reichswehr of 100,000
42
What happens to Hitler in January 1933?
Hitler appointed Chancellor
43
What 5 key factors played a part in Hitler's rise to power?
- Economic instability - Repeat elections, left Nazi Party as only other viable option - Underestimated Hitler - Rise to fame with Munich Putsch Nov 1923 Fall of Muller SPD coalition govt
44
What event served as a catalyst for Hitler's appointment as Chancellor in January 1933?
Conservative Nationalists elite operate against each other-> led to Hindenburg feel like he didn't have a choice but to appoint Hitler
45
What were key points in Hitler's 25 point plan?
- Abolition of the Treaty of Versailles - Demanded land and territory (colonies) - Only members of the nation may be citizens of the state (German blood, no Jew) - Newspapers which are deemed to be against common good is banned, legal battles against art and literature (no freedom of press) - Freedom of religion if it doesn't impact German race (xenophobic, anti Semitic)
46
What was Hitler's 25 point plan like?
Anti democracy, anti parliamentarian, anti socialist Jews very small percentage- less than 1%, alienates and turns the country on them to win votes
47
Why was 1920's Germany known as 'The Golden Years'?
- More fashion freedom - Party lifestyle for middle to upper class, not representative of working class at the time - Wandervogel: pan Germanism, reject materialistic, consumerist Weimar republic, want to go back to traditional German values (right wing protest to the Bourgeoise)
48
What economic failures hit the people in 1931?
5 major banks crashed, 21 thousand German businesses folded
49
How did economic crashes in 1931 lead to Nazi success?
Hitler's message had stayed the same, more people were willing to hear it and were for a big change, even if they weren't familiar with the Nazi Party or Hitler
50
What was Hitler's 1932 GE campaign?
Hitler travelled by airplane in 20 cities in 27 days (unusual marketing system) Hitler was seen as the bringer of salvation, would take people out of poverty Sudo-Religious ideology- Furer is the God, follow him unquestionably, duties are for that cause, see him as a messiah who is sent to save (hero)
51
Did Hitler hide that he wanted to create a dictatorship?
NO Didn't hide that a vote for the Nazis was a vote for a dictatorship- wanted to get rid of the 30 other parties in Germany, made it clear of his motives of intolerance of other political ideas, authoritarian and anti democratic
52
Why was Hitler different and trusted by the people compared to other politicians?
Hitler is more angry and passionate when he speaks, unlike other politicians at the time, talks of change and difference in society, younger leader- people who aren't happy with the lives they live see this innovation in politics and feel a new change may get them out of the economic crisis etc
53
How did others feel about Hindenburg refusing to give the Chancellorship to Hitler?
- Pressure groups began to lobby Hindenberg, ie businessmen arguing Hitler must get the Chancellorship for the good of Germany
54
Why did people prefer the radicalism of National Socialism to Communism?
people preferred National Socialism as a vehicle for necessary change, people didn't want things to stay the same
55
What were Nazi finances like?
- Nazi party was going bankrupt due to high and frequent election costs
56
Why were the Conservative Nationalists more inclined to make a deal with Hitler and his Nazi Party?
33% of vote in Nov 1932 election (vote went down 2 million), seems their power has gone down, convinced Conservative Nationalists that Hitler is more vulnerable therefore more reasonable to a plan (goal of destroying democracy and communists)
57
What was Papen's deal he made with Hitler?
- Papen deal: Hitler Chancellor, Papen Vice chancellor, only 2 Nazis in cabinet (so Hitler could be controlled), need Hitler as he has mass support, bringing legitimacy into government
58
What political situations helped Hitler into power?
Helped into power by economic circumstance and support and misjudgement of others (underestimate Hitler) - Felt he would quickly prove himself incompetent and they could rule over him, quickly realised otherwise

Germany3: The Nazi Experiment 1929-49 (3 decks)

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