The Rock Cycle

Question 1

Examples of Igneous Rocks

Answer 1

granite (felsic) & basalt (mafic)

Question 2

Examples of Metamorphic Rocks

Answer 2

slate, marble, gneiss

Question 3

Examples of ORGANIC sedimentary rocks

Answer 3

limestone & coal

Question 4

How do metamorphic rocks form?

Answer 4

rocks changing from heat, pressure, and/or chemically charged fluids

Question 5

How do sediments become sedimentary rocks? (3 ways)

Answer 5

Deposition
Compaction
Cementation

Question 6

How do igneous rocks form?

Answer 6

magma/lava that has cooled

Question 7

How do sediments form?

Answer 7

uplift brings different types of rocks to the surface for weathering & erosion

Question 8

How thin is the crust?

Answer 8

sticker on a soccer ball

less than 1% of Earth’s total volume

Question 9

What is Bowen’s reaction series in a nutshell?

Answer 9

magma cools into solid igneous rock & mafic minerals crystallize first and sink to bottom of magma chamber & the remaining magma is silica rich and less dense (felsic)

Question 10

difference in thickness & denseness of continental and oceanic crust

Answer 10

continental- more thick, less dense

oceanic- less thick, more dense

Question 11

What are felsic and mafic rocks made of?

Answer 11

felsic- silica

mafic- magnesium and iron

Question 12

difference in felsic and mafic freezing temperatures

Answer 12

felsic- freeze at lower temperatures

Mafic- freeze at higher temperatures

Question 13

difference in crystal size of intrusive & extrusive rocks

Answer 13

intrusive- have longer time to grow- larger crystals

extrusive- have less time to grow- smaller crystals

Question 14

what is the name of an igneous rock with large and small crystals?

Answer 14

porphyritic

Question 15

difference between magma & lava

Answer 15

magma- below the Earth’s surface

lava- at the surface

Question 16

how much of the volume of the Earth in the mantle?

Answer 16

84%

Question 17

what is the mantle made of?

Answer 17

silicate, ultramafic rock

Question 18

type of feldspar in felsic & mafic rocks

Answer 18

felsic- potassium feldspar

mafic- plagioclase feldspar

Question 19

influencing factors in metamorphism

Answer 19

temperature
pressure
time
rock composition
chemically charged fluids

Question 20

another name for igneous rock could be…

Answer 20

frozen magma

Question 21

more foliation comes from what?

Answer 21

more heat & pressure

Question 22

mafic rocks are the…

Answer 22

parent rock of all igneous rocks

felsic rocks can be derived from mafic rocks

Question 23

a layered silicate clay mineral which forms from the chemical weathering of feldspar

Answer 23

Kaolinite

Question 24

what is the most common silicate rock?

Answer 24

limestone

Question 25

what is cementation?

Answer 25

chemical weathering of minerals into clay minerals

Question 26

examples of chemical precipitates & chemical evaporites

Answer 26

precipitates- dolomite, chert | evaporites- halite, gypsum

Question 27

examples of chemical sedimentary rocks

Answer 27

gypsum & halite

Question 28

examples of clastic sedimentary rocks

Answer 28

sandstone & shale

Question 29

what is contact metamorphism caused by?

Answer 29

igneous magma intrusions

Question 30

how are conditions different at the surface?

Answer 30

temperature and pressure are lower lots of oxygen and water living organisms sunlight & weather