The role of pathogenic organisms in animal disease

Question 1

What is the structure of a bacteria

Answer 1

• single celled organsim

Question 2

What is the structure of a virus

Answer 2

simple organsim that consits of gentic material

Question 3

What is the structure of fungi

Answer 3

multicellular fungi

Question 4

What is the structure of the protozoa

Answer 4

single celled

Question 5

What is the structure of the parasite

Answer 5

any organism that loves on another organism

Question 6

What is the replication of bacteria

Answer 6

bacteria replicated asexually

Question 7

What is the replication of Virus

Answer 7

they are so small they can fit into cells

Question 8

What is the replication of fungi

Answer 8

fungi can reproduce sexually or asexually

Question 9

What is the replication of Protozoa

Answer 9

It can reproduce sexually or asexually

Question 10

What is the replication of Parasite

Answer 10

they can reproduce by laying eggs: fleas, ticks, mites and lice

Question 11

Examples of Bacteria

Answer 11

E.coli, salmonella

Question 12

Examples of Viruses

Answer 12

foot and mouth disease, influenza strains

Question 13

Examples of fungi

Answer 13

mushrooms, Candida (a yeast responsible for thrush), tinea (ringworm athlete’s foot)

Question 14

Examples of Protozoa

Answer 14

Toxoplasma gondii, Plasmodium (responsible for malaria)

Question 15

Where do parasites get their food

Answer 15

from the host

Question 16

What does endoparasite mean

Answer 16

lives in an animal (worms)

Question 17

What does ectoparasites mean

Answer 17

Lives on an animal (fleas, ticks, mites)

Question 18

What are the two types of worms and characterisitcs

Answer 18

-roundworm - they are round and white
-tapeworm - they are flat

Question 19

What are an animals symptoms if they have worms

Answer 19

• diarrhoea
• anaemia
• dehydration
• loss of weight
• pot belly

Question 20

Treatments for worms?

Answer 20

• de wroming (injections, tablets)

Question 21

What are the symptoms of fleas in animals

Answer 21

• skin irritation
• other allergic reactions
• blood infections

Question 22

Treatments for fleas?

Answer 22

• flea spray, powders, tablets and shampoos

Question 23

What are the symptoms of ticks in animals

Answer 23

• itching and skin irritation
• Loss of fur
• dull coat

Question 24

Treatments for ticks?

Answer 24

sprays
- powders
- tablets
- collars
- and shampoos

Question 25

What are the symptoms of mites in the animals

Answer 25

- itchiness - sore, dry skin - dark crusts of skinin the ears - poor condition

Question 26

Treatments for mites

Answer 26

- chemicals to kill them are called acaricides

Question 27

What is an acaricides

Answer 27

is a chemical that kills mites and ticks

Question 28

WHat are the symptoms of lice

Answer 28

itching - bad skin condition - loss of fur

Question 29

Treatment of lice

Answer 29

shampoos, powders, sprasy

Question 30

What are the different methods of disease transmission

Answer 30

- Direct transmission - Indirect - Airborne - Pathogens - Inhalation - Injection

Question 31

What is direct transmission

Answer 31

When the animals comes into physical contact with each other either by touching or bodily fluids

Question 32

What is indirect disease transmission

Answer 32

When a disease is transmitted via a contaminated object

Question 33

What is airborne disease transmission

Answer 33

transmitted through tiny droplets in the air. For example after an animal sneezes or coughs.

Question 34

What is Pathogens disease transmission

Answer 34

they will crawl inside and cause internal issues

Question 35

What is inhalation disease transmission

Answer 35

requires an animal to breathe in a pathogen which is airborne.

Question 36

What is ingestion disease transmission

Answer 36

Disease which is transmitted through eating or drinking

Question 37

What are the 2 ways indirect transmission can occur and what are they?

Answer 37

Fomite- non-living object that can transmit diseases Vector- a living organisms that transmit diseases

Question 38

What is immunity?

Answer 38

immune system of antibodies helps to protects the animals against diseases

Question 39

What are the 4 different types of immunity?

Answer 39

- Natural immunity - Artificial immunity - Passive immunity - Active immunity

Question 40

What is natural immunity

Answer 40

when an animal will already have immunity to a range of diseases. It varies from species to species

Question 41

What is passive immunity and give an example

Answer 41

this is when an animal is given another animals antibodies which can fight of diseases. For example between a mother and an offspring through feeding with colostrum.

Question 42

What is active immunity

Answer 42

this is when an animal becomes infected by a pathogen and develops a disease, but their immune system will try to produce antibodies to kill the pathogen.

Question 43

What are antibodies

Answer 43

proteins that are produced in the bloodstream in response to a pathogen detected in the body that are able to kill pathogens

Question 44

What artificial immunity

Answer 44

This is known as a vaccine, this is when you can train the body to produce antibodies. by injecting a small amount of a pathogen into the animal it then is certain the animal will become immune to the disease.

Question 45

What are B-cells and T- cells

Answer 45

they are special types of white blood cells which are able to recognise new pathogens they then react to them and remember the chemical structure in order for the body to generate the same response for future purposes

Question 46

What is a vaccine

Answer 46

a small and specially controlled amount of pathogen introduced into a body specifically to stimulate the production of antibodies that can fight off the pathogen

Question 47

What is an asymptotic carrier

Answer 47

an animal that carrier a disease but does not contract it themselves