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Music Appreciation > The Romantic Period > Flashcards

The Romantic Period Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some characteristics of the Romantic Period?

A

Tone color, tone poems, nationalism, exoticism, key changes, extreme dynamics such as PPPP or FFFF, timbre, and mature and supernatural themes.

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2
Q

What is timbre?

A

Tone color or a specific sound of the piece it’s used in.

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3
Q

What was the premiss of most Romantic pieces?

A

Shakespeare plays, personal lives, supernatural, and mature themes.

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4
Q

What is nationalism?

A

Adding your OWN cultures ideas into musical pieces.

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5
Q

What is exoticism?

A

Adding OTHER cultures music ideas into your piece, often times in a racist or unknowing manner.

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6
Q

What is program music?

A

Music with a specific music behind it, there’s no chance for listeners interpretation of it. Sometimes comes with a physical program to it.

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7
Q

What is absolute music?

A

Music up for interpretation, no program.

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8
Q

What was the orchestra size in the romantic period?

A

Up to 100 players. Brass, wood winds, and percussion become more prominent and important than the strings section.

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9
Q

What was new about pianos in the romantic period?

A

They were made out of cast iron and have a damper pedal, the hammers were also covered in felt . The range was extended as well.

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10
Q

What was added to orchestra in the romantic period?

A

Triangles, harps, and cymbals.

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11
Q

What is rebate?

A

A variation of tempo.

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12
Q

What was the form like in the romantic period?

A

Forty five minute symphonies and lots of vocal music.

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13
Q

What is strophic form?

A

The same line of music for each verse.

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14
Q

What does through composed mean?

A

A different line of music for each verse.

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15
Q

What is modified strophic?

A

ABA verse formatting.

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16
Q

What was connected in the Romantic Period?

A

Poetry and art.

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17
Q

Who wrote Die Winterreise (The Winter Journey)?

A

Franz Schubert.

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18
Q

What is a song cycle?

A

Many songs connected through one main idea.

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19
Q

What are some facts about Franz Schubert?

A

He was a nervous recluse, aspired to be the next Beethoven, tried the a school teacher but gave up, he lead a gypsy life style and wrote in a cafe. He also made “Schubertiades”, which were parties to celebrate his music.

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20
Q

Who wrote “The Great Symphony” and “The Unfinished Symphony”?

A

Franz Schubert

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21
Q

Who wrote Erlkönig (Erl King)?

A

Franz Schubert

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22
Q

Who wrote Carnaval?

A

Robert Schumann

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23
Q

What are the two movements of Carnaval?

A

Estrella and Reconnaissance (Reunion)

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24
Q

What are some facts about Robert Schumann?

A

He married his piano student and had seven kids with her (Clara Schumann). Screwed up his hand and had to quit playing piano.

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25
Q

Who wrote “If you Love for Beauty”?

A

Clara Schumann

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26
Q

Who wrote Polonaise in Ab Major?

A

Fredric Chopin

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27
Q

Who wrote Mazurka?

A

Chopin

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28
Q

Who wrote Nocturne in Eb Minor?

A

Chopin

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29
Q

Who wrote Étude in C Minor?

A

Chopin

30
Q

What are some facts about Fredric Chopin?

A

Only wrote for one instrument, Polish, pianist, frail.

31
Q

Who wrote Transcendental Étude No. 4?

A

Franz Liszt

32
Q

What are some facts about Liszt?

A

Super human playing skills, practiced obsessively for three years, gave out free piano lessons, three kids from an affair, became an abbey.

33
Q

What is a tone poem?

A

Symphonic poem, one movement orchestral composition inspired by other forms of art.

34
Q

Who wrote Violin Concerto?

A

Felix Mendelssohn

35
Q

Who wrote The Hebrides Overture?

A

Felix Mendelssohn

36
Q

What are some facts about Mendelssohn?

A

More classical than romantic style, wealthy Jewish family but converted Protistan, composer at age 13, conductor by 26, average guy, worked himself to death at 38.

37
Q

What is program music?

A

Music with a specific meaning as decided by the composer.

38
Q

What is absolute music?

A

The meaning of the music is up to interpretation for the audience.

39
Q

Who wrote Don Quixote?

A

Richard Strauss

40
Q

What are some facts about Strauss?

A

He’s well known for unique orchestral colors, tone poems, and large works.

41
Q

Who wrote Flight of the Valkyries?

A

Richard Wagner

42
Q

What are some facts about Wagner?

A

Rampant anti-semitism, arrogant, German and Norse, always in debt, got kicked out of all German speaking countries.

43
Q

Who wrote Symphony No. 3?

A

Johannes Brahms

44
Q

What are some facts about Brahms?

A

German, bass player cafe dad, classical writer, life long feud with Liszt.

45
Q

Who wrote Kindertotenlieder?

A

Gustav Mahler

46
Q

Who wrote Symphony No. 5?

A

Brahms

47
Q

What are some facts about Brahms?

A

Conductor, had to change his religion due to anti-semitism, pieces weren’t very popular when first released.

48
Q

What is nationalism?

A

Taking musical ideas and expressions from ones own country and adding them into their compositions.

49
Q

What is exoticism?

A

Taking musical ideas and expressions from another country and adding them into their composition. Very racist.

50
Q

Who were the members of The Russian Five?

A

Mussorgsky, Rimsky-Korsakov, Balakierev, Cui, and Borodin.

51
Q

Who wrote The Great Gate of Kiev?

A

The Russian 5

52
Q

Who wrote Pictures at an Exhibition?

A

The Russian 5

53
Q

What are some facts about Grieg?

A

He spoke Danish, studied under Mendelssohn and Schumann, very poor health, but also very friendly, marries first cousin, conductor.

54
Q

Who wrote In the Hall of the Mountain King?

A

Edvard Grieg

55
Q

What are some facts about Smetana?

A

From Bohemia, lost his hearing but continued to compose, wrote a lot of folk tunes and legends.

56
Q

Who wrote Moveast (“My Country”)?

A

Bedrich Smetana

57
Q

Who wrote the Moldau?

A

Czech Nation Anthem, Bedrich Smetana.

58
Q

Who wrote Symphony No. 9?

A

Antonin Divorak

59
Q

What are some facts about Divorak?

A

Another Czech composer, played in Smetana’s orchestra, discovered by Brahms, encourage nationalism, especially for Native American music.

60
Q

Who wrote the Romeo and Juliet Overture?

A

Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky

61
Q

What are some facts about Tchaikovsky?

A

Taught himself music theory, gay composer, funded by rich widow, died six days after his American premiere of Symphony No. 6, wrote for lots of ballets.

62
Q

What is a lied?

A

A song with three different possible forms.

63
Q

What is strophic form?

A

AB

64
Q

What is Through Composed?

A

Different for each song

65
Q

What is modified strophic?

A

ABA

66
Q

What is an art song?

A

When the vocal and piano parts are both equal.

67
Q

What is a lieder?

A

Plural form of lied

68
Q

What is a song cycle?

A

A collection of lieder.

69
Q

Who were the programmists?

A

Liszt, Wagner, and Mahler.

70
Q

Who were the absolutists?

A

Brahms, Chopin, Mendelssohn, and Schumann.

71
Q

Who were nationalists?

A

Smetana, Divorak, Mussorgsky, Grieg, The Russian 5.

Music Appreciation (2 decks)

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